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Ways to increase the survival rate of piglets
Newborn piglets are highly vulnerable due to their underdeveloped immune systems, weak digestive functions, and poor thermoregulation. If not properly cared for, they are at high risk of illness or even death. To ensure their survival and healthy growth, it's essential to provide them with proper care from the moment they're born.
First and foremost, it's crucial to focus on the immediate care of newborn piglets. After birth, clean the amniotic fluid from the piglet and move it to a warm, dry area. Then, make sure the following steps are taken:
1. ** Colostrum intake**: Colostrum is rich in proteins, minerals, vitamins, and antibodies that help build the piglet’s immunity. It also has a mild laxative effect, aiding in the passage of meconium. Piglets should be encouraged to nurse as soon as possible after birth—ideally within the first 12 hours—to gain these vital nutrients.
2. **Nipple fixation**: Ensure all piglets have equal access to milk by guiding weaker ones to the front teats, which typically produce more milk. This helps balance growth across the litter. The process usually takes 2–3 days to complete successfully.
3. **Maintain appropriate environmental temperature**: Newborns lack sufficient fat and hair, making them highly sensitive to cold. The ideal temperature varies depending on the age: 35°C within the first 6 hours, 30–34°C for the next 3 days, 28–30°C for the following week, and 25–28°C thereafter. In colder months, use insulation materials, such as straw, and consider setting up an insulated box with a heat lamp positioned 40–50 cm above the floor, adjusting its height as the piglets grow.
4. **High bed system**: Using elevated feeding areas can reduce the risk of disease by keeping piglets away from contaminated ground. This method improves hygiene, reduces the incidence of diarrhea, and promotes better growth.
Second, preventing hypothermia is critical. Piglets are prone to freezing, especially when left unattended during labor. They also need protection from diseases like white diarrhea. Preventive measures include giving small amounts of potassium permanganate solution before nursing, using antibiotics like oxytetracycline, and maintaining cleanliness in feed, water, and the sow’s teats.
Third, weaning should be done gradually. Piglets rely on maternal immunity for the first few weeks, so sudden weaning can cause stress and health issues. It’s best to keep the piglets in their original pen for a few days after removing the sow, then group them based on size. Continue feeding them the same diet for the first two weeks post-weaning, gradually introducing new feeds.
Fourth, early introduction to solid food is important. By 5–7 days old, piglets should be introduced to small amounts of grain or compound feed mixed with sugar water. This helps them recognize solid food and supports their development.
Fifth, increasing the energy level in the sow’s diet during late pregnancy can improve colostrum quality and fetal development. Adding fat or energy-rich feed one month before farrowing can enhance milk production and support the piglets’ survival.
Sixth, trace element supplementation is essential. Vitamin C injections or oral administration can boost immunity and survival rates. Iron deficiency is common in piglets, so iron supplements via injection or oral solutions should be given within the first few days of life to prevent anemia and related complications.
Lastly, disease prevention is key. Maintain clean feeding and watering areas, encourage outdoor activity, and ensure proper insulation. If signs of illness appear, such as jaundice or white diarrhea, treat with probiotics or antibiotics like oxytetracycline and gentamicin.
By implementing these practices, farmers can significantly improve the health and survival rate of their piglets, ensuring a stronger and more productive herd.