Cotton buckwheat cultivation techniques

In response to the late sowing of cotton buckwheat and the issue of low and unstable yields, a set of high-yield cultivation techniques has been developed. These methods have significantly improved wheat production. In 1999, the county planted approximately 50,000 mu of land, achieving an average yield of 350 kg per mu. The key technical points are as follows: (1) Adequate water should be applied before October 15th to prepare the field for base fertilizer application. After removing the cotton trees and transporting them to the field, the late autumn peaches on the cotton trees are allowed to crack naturally. Due to the high nutrient consumption by cotton stubble, the amount of base fertilizer needs to be increased. However, since the sowing of cotton buckwheat is late, it relies on the main stem for growth. Before the jointing stage, proper management of fertilizers is essential to control excessive tillering and adjust plant density. Therefore, the proportion of urea should not be too high. Typically, 4,000 kg of high-quality organic manure, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 15 kg of potassium chloride are used. Nitrogen fertilizers should be concentrated during the jointing stage of wheat. (2) Selecting superior seeds is crucial to increase the growth period of short-season cotton buckwheat, which generally has fewer tillers. High-yield, early to mid-panicle, medium-grain wheat varieties such as Henong 321 and 71-3 are recommended. Before sowing, seeds should be selected, sun-dried, and treated with pesticides. The sowing rate should be adjusted based on the planting date. From October 15th until the first frost, the basic seedling count per mu should reach 350,000 to 400,000. After sowing, the seedlings should reach 400,000 to 430,000 per mu. To ensure good sowing quality, the soil should be finely prepared, and a seed drill should be used. The sowing depth should be between 3 to 4 centimeters, ensuring even distribution and uniform depth. (3) Winter management: Cotton buckwheat seedlings are weak and have poor cold resistance, making them vulnerable to frost damage. It is essential to provide sufficient water before sowing. Frozen water should be avoided to prevent slow temperature rise in early spring, which could delay wheat emergence. However, if there is an autumn drought or if the fields were not properly irrigated, frozen water should be applied carefully. It should be done early, and after irrigation, the soil should be loosened promptly to prevent cracking. (4) Spring management: (1) Early spring care involves using a bamboo ridge to scratch away dead leaves and debris along the ridges, followed by tilling to warm the soil and promote early growth. (2) Fertilizer application at the jointing stage is critical. The first spring fertilizer should be delayed until this stage, and urea should be applied at 20 kg per mu. This is the most beneficial period for wheat to absorb nutrients and water, helping to increase grain number per spike and grain weight. Additionally, adequate water should be provided during booting and flowering stages. (5) Pest and weed control: Before and after the jointing stage, herbicides such as methamidophos or tribenuron can be used to control weeds. For wheat stubble, fast-acting insecticides can be used to manage pests like wheat sheath blight. For diseases such as leaf blight and powdery mildew, streptomyces or triadimefon can be applied as preventive measures. During the grain-filling period, foliar sprays like Huimanfeng can also be used to protect against dry hot winds.

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