Disposable Piercing Guide - WPTC10
Product Description
Disposable surgical medical products refer to items used in surgical operations, which are discarded after one use. These products are used to maintain a sterile environment and prevent the spread of infection during surgery.
Overall, single-use surgical medical products are critical to maintaining a sterile environment and preventing the spread of infection during surgery.
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Some common disposable surgical medical products include:
1. Surgical masks: used to cover the mouth and nose of medical staff during operations to prevent the spread of germs.
2. Surgical gowns: Medical staff wear these to protect their clothing from contamination during surgery.
3. Surgical Gloves: Healthcare providers wear these gloves to protect their hands from contamination during surgery.
4. Surgical Drape: Used to cover the patient and create a sterile field around the surgical site.
5. Surgical needles: Used to suture incisions and wounds during surgery.
6. Scalpel blades: These are used to make incisions during surgery.
7. Surgical Forceps: Used to grasp and manipulate tissue during surgery.
8. Surgical catheters: These catheters are used to drain fluids from the body during surgery.
How to store cotton seeds
Cottonseed storage is a critical process that requires careful attention to its unique characteristics and environmental conditions. The seed coat of cottonseeds is thick and often covered with fine fibers, which provide natural insulation but also make it difficult for heat and moisture to pass through. This poor thermal conductivity means that cottonseeds can be stored for over 10 years under low-temperature and dry conditions, making them one of the longest-lived seeds among crops. However, if exposed to high humidity or temperature, their viability can be lost within just a few months.
One of the key factors in ensuring good storage quality is the seed's resistance to external influences. Once mature, the seed coat becomes dense and hard, and the presence of tannic acid (about 7.6%) gives it some antibacterial properties. This makes it naturally more resistant to spoilage. However, immature seeds are softer, less compact, and have shorter shelf lives. Seeds harvested after frost tend to have softer coats and higher moisture content, which reduces their storage stability compared to those collected before the first frost.
Additionally, cottonseeds often contain a significant proportion of infertile grains—around 10% for up-to-date cotton and up to 18% for upland varieties. Mechanical damage during ginning is also common, ranging from 15% to 29%, and even higher when linters are processed. These damaged seeds have stronger physiological activity and are more prone to deterioration during storage, requiring strict quality control.
Before storage, cottonseeds must meet certain safety standards: moisture content should not exceed 11–12%, impurities below 0.5%, and germination rate above 90%. It’s also important to separate pre-frost and post-frost seeds, as the latter are generally unsuitable for long-term use.
Another challenge in storage is the short fiber (lint) that remains on the seed after ginning. This fiber has poor thermal conductivity, retains heat, and can trap moisture, increasing the risk of mold growth when humidity reaches 84–90%. If left unchecked, this can lead to spontaneous combustion, especially in tightly packed heaps. Therefore, proper ventilation and regular monitoring are essential.
Cottonseeds are also oily, with about 20% fat content, mostly unsaturated fatty acids. This makes them prone to rancidity, especially in warm and humid conditions. Post-frost seeds are particularly vulnerable. In addition, pests like the cotton bollworm can infest stored seeds, making pest control an important part of the storage process.
To improve storage efficiency, the fuzzy coating on the seeds can be removed using specialized machines or chemicals like sulfuric acid. This helps prevent clumping and improves seed flow during sowing. However, depilated seeds are more susceptible to heat buildup, so extra care must be taken during storage.
Storage techniques vary depending on the region. In northern China, where temperatures are lower, cottonseeds with moisture below 12% can be stored for long periods using open silos. In central and southern regions, where humidity is higher, strict moisture control (below 11%) and proper ventilation are necessary. Cottonseeds should not be compacted, and temperature should be kept below 15°C for extended storage.
Regular inspections are crucial. Temperature checks should be done daily in September and October, then every 5–10 days in winter. A bamboo pipe method is commonly used to measure internal temperatures at different levels of the pile. Pest control measures, such as high-temperature exposure or insecticide treatments, should also be implemented to prevent infestation.
Fire prevention is another priority due to the high oil content and fluff in cottonseeds. Sparks or flames can easily cause fires, so smoking and flammable materials must be strictly prohibited near storage areas.
For coated cottonseeds, which are treated with pesticides, special handling is required. They should not be stored for long periods and must be disposed of properly to avoid environmental contamination. Proper storage practices, including good ventilation, temperature control, and regular monitoring, can help maintain seed viability and ensure successful planting the following year.