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Medicinal ants breeding techniques
At present, the primary species of medicinal ants in China are "black ants." The artificial breeding of these ants offers several advantages, including rapid reproduction, low risk, minimal investment, and high profitability. Below are the key techniques involved in medicinal ant farming:
First, the construction of the ant house should be done indoors using cement or mud ground. A circular gutter is built around the rearing area, approximately 50 centimeters wide and 10 centimeters deep. This gutter is filled with water to prevent the ants from escaping. The central island can be made of a simple wooden frame and designed in multiple layers. Each layer should be about 25 to 30 centimeters tall and connected vertically, allowing for the placement of 5 to 10 nests per square meter.
Second, when introducing ant nests, it's essential to ensure that each contains a queen and king to support successful breeding. The growth and reproduction of medicinal ants are highly dependent on temperature and humidity control. With proper management, a single nest can produce between 150 to 250 new nests annually. The ideal temperature range is 25°C to 30°C, while the ambient humidity should be maintained at 80% to 90%. The soil moisture should be around 20%, and water should be sprayed several times daily. In winter, plastic sheets can be used to cover the shed, or light bulbs and coal stoves can be employed to maintain warmth. Each queen lays between 30 to 50 eggs per day, with a survival rate exceeding 80%. After 20 days to 2 months, the nests will divide into multiple colonies, and a large number of ants will emerge before feeding. At this stage, adding leaves, grass, sawdust, and a small amount of sugar to the food container encourages the ants to split their nests.
Third, feeding the ants is crucial. As omnivorous insects, they require a balanced and nutritious diet. Suitable foods include corn flour, alkaline substances, leftover food, rice bran, watermelon rinds, rotten pears, and other organic materials. They can also be fed protein-rich insects such as flies, pests, and dead bodies to enhance their nutritional intake.
Fourth, daily management plays a vital role in maintaining healthy ant colonies. First, keeping the environment clean is essential since ants consume both food and water. Second, providing 15 hours of light daily, avoiding direct sunlight in summer, and using 15-watt bulbs at night helps regulate their activity. Third, ensuring good air circulation within the ant house promotes a healthy living environment. Fourth, avoid disturbing the nests by not flipping them, as this can disrupt breeding. Finally, prevent pollution by keeping the area free from pesticides, fertilizers, paints, and cigarette smoke.
Fifth, the drying process involves starving the ants for 3 to 5 days before placing them in a plastic bag with a small amount of sugar inside. When the ants gather in the bag, it is sealed tightly and exposed to sunlight for 10 hours. Once dried, the ants are stored in a cool, dry place in a sealed sack. This method ensures the preservation of their medicinal properties and quality.