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Summer tomato defense against two diseases
In the summer and autumn tomato harvest seasons, high yields and quality are typically achieved. However, these conditions also bring a higher risk of viral diseases and bud blight. These issues commonly occur in tomato seedlings exposed to high temperatures, making it essential to implement targeted preventive measures.
Viral disease development is strongly influenced by high temperatures and drought. The optimal temperature range for virus infection is between 38°C and 43°C. Below 35°C or above 45°C, the disease is less likely to occur. To prevent this, several strategies can be employed:
First, maintaining proper moisture levels is crucial. From the time tomato seedlings are transplanted until the mid-fruiting stage, the soil surface should remain consistently moist, with a moisture content of at least 75%. The humidity inside the greenhouse should stay above 70% to reduce stress on the plants.
Second, temperature control is vital. At night, if there's no rain, the greenhouse film should be opened to allow cooler air in. During the hottest part of the day, shading should be used to protect the plants from intense sunlight, especially when light intensity is at its peak.
Third, physical controls include using a hand-pump sprayer or motorized sprayer to apply foliar water regularly. Additionally, shade nets can be used effectively—typically pulled at 10:00 a.m. and removed after 5:00 p.m.—to help manage heat and reduce the spread of the virus.
Chemical treatments are also an option. One recommended mixture includes 25 ml of Anti-Sick Wei, 15 ml of Medical Virus Ling, 15 ml of Harvest No. 1, and 2.5 grams of natural alizarin in 15 liters of water. Another formula combines 15 ml of Harvest No. 1, 15 ml of Medical Virus Ling, 3 grams of agricultural streptomycin, plus zinc sulfate and naphthalene acetic acid (2010-6), all diluted in 15 liters of water and sprayed evenly over the plants.
Bud blight, a physiological disorder, is often linked to environmental factors such as high temperatures and drought. Symptoms include stunted growth at the growing tip, which becomes rounded, and leaves beneath the first flower cluster may grow laterally, leading to abnormal thickening of branches and foliage.
To prevent bud blight, shade nets should be used to limit direct sunlight. Typically, they are installed at 10:00 a.m. and removed after 5:00 p.m. Another effective method is applying a growth regulator like 920, mixed at a rate of 1 gram per 35 kilograms of water, and sprayed directly onto the plant tops. This treatment has a cure rate of over 95%.
Additionally, spraying a suitable conditioner like Harvest No. 1 can help maintain plant health and reduce the impact of environmental stress. By combining these approaches, growers can significantly improve the resilience of their tomato crops during hot and dry periods.