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Healthy crab breeding techniques during the growing season
Heterocera, commonly known as crabs, are temperature-sensitive animals that thrive in water temperatures between June and September, which is a critical growth period. During this time, they are also more prone to diseases, making it essential to implement proper management techniques to enhance production, size, quality, and overall profitability. Below are the key technical measures for maintaining healthy crab farming during the summer and autumn seasons.
First, focus on improving the bottom conditions of the crab pond. Crabs naturally prefer muddy shores, caves, and areas with vegetation. In artificial breeding, it's crucial to maintain clean and oxygen-rich sediment. Before stocking, dry the pond and expose the bottom, then disinfect with quicklime. On sunny days, use an underwater suction machine to remove excess silt. Introduce beneficial microorganisms like photosynthetic bacteria to break down harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonium salts. Additionally, plant aquatic vegetation like Elodea, Vallisneria, and Water Peanuts to increase dissolved oxygen, stabilize pH, and boost crab immunity, ultimately improving yield and quality.
Second, pay close attention to feed selection and feeding practices. The quality of feed and feeding methods directly impact crab growth and health. Common feed includes animal by-products, snails, small fish, shrimp, and plant-based materials like wheat, grains, and fresh vegetation. Feeding should follow a balanced approach—combining fine, green, and coarse feeds. During the growing season, when water temperatures are high, crabs consume more food. Especially from August to October, when crabs are fattening up, increase animal-based feed and add vitamin-rich foods like pumpkins, hawthorns, and gluten. Feed twice daily, placing it near shallow waters and setting up multiple feeding stations. Offer 7% to 10% of the crab’s body weight each time, adjusting based on season, temperature, weather, and growth status.
Third, ensure smooth molting. Crabs molt multiple times throughout their life, and each molt is essential for growth, shape changes, and limb regeneration. Proper nutrition is key—include capsaicin in the diet and separate capsin from regular feed. Maintain frequent water changes to keep the water flowing, which helps stimulate molting. Throughout the breeding cycle, add lime to purify the water and maintain sufficient water levels to support shell development.
Fourth, regulate water quality scientifically. Crabs require high-quality water conditions. Ideal parameters include a transparency of 35–40 cm, dissolved oxygen above 5 mg/L, pH between 7.5 and 8.5, and ammonia nitrogen levels between 0.2–0.5 mg/L. These can be monitored using water test kits. Keep water depth between 0.8m and 1.0m before July, and increase it to 1.0m–1.2m from August to October. Change water weekly in spring and autumn, adding 30–40 cm each time. When changing water, do so gradually to avoid sudden temperature drops exceeding 5°C. If the pond becomes murky or the crabs show signs of stress, such as dark backs, rust on the abdomen, or yellowing legs, perform water changes every 5–7 days to improve conditions and support healthy growth and shell coloration.