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Rational ratio fertilizer
Fertilization in orchards primarily relies on farmyard manure, with inorganic fertilizers used as a supplement to enhance soil fertility and increase organic matter content. Farmyard manure is rich in various nutrients and includes materials like animal dung, compost, green manure, pond mud, and crop residues. These organic sources are abundant, cost-effective, and contribute significantly to the organic matter in the soil. The organic material comes not only from plant residues but also from human-made inputs and microbial activity. Organic matter plays a crucial role in soil development, influencing its physical and chemical properties such as structure, water retention, permeability, and buffering capacity. It serves as a food source for microorganisms and gradually releases essential nutrients that support plant growth. Additionally, humic acids formed during decomposition stimulate root development, while organic acids influence the weathering of parent materials. Thus, the level of organic matter directly reflects soil fertility, making it a key focus in orchard management.
Red-fleshed grapefruit requires a balanced supply of nutrients for optimal growth and fruit quality. Imbalances in nutrient levels can lead to physiological disorders, affecting tree health, fruit production, and quality. For example, an excess of potassium can induce magnesium deficiency even if magnesium levels are adequate. Studies show that nutrient imbalances can worsen juice granulation, a condition that affects fruit texture and marketability. The granulation index is positively correlated with potassium and boron levels in leaves, and copper content in the soil also shows a similar relationship. To improve fruit quality and reduce granulation, fertilization should emphasize organic sources, with at least 50% of total nitrogen coming from farmyard manure. This approach ensures a steady release of nutrients and supports long-term soil health.
In addition to traditional farmyard manure, the use of green manure within and around orchards is highly beneficial. Incorporating cover crops into the soil enhances organic matter content naturally and economically. Combining this practice with deep plowing further improves soil structure and promotes better root development. These sustainable methods not only support orchard productivity but also align with eco-friendly agricultural practices. By focusing on organic inputs and proper nutrient balance, farmers can ensure healthier trees, higher-quality fruits, and more resilient soils over time.