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Winter Safety Management Measures for Fruit Trees
In winter, when fruit trees go into dormancy, their growth halts or becomes very slow. Effective winter management is crucial for maintaining tree health and ensuring a successful growing season. Here are the five key tasks to focus on during this period:
First, cleanup. After harvest, it's essential to remove dead branches, fallen leaves, rotten fruits, and weeds around the trees. These materials can harbor pests and pathogens over winter. Proper cleaning should be done in late fall before pests become active again in spring. Burning or composting these materials at high temperatures helps eliminate harmful organisms.
Second, soil cultivation. Many pests overwinter in the soil, such as peach fruit borer and other insects. Before the ground freezes, plow the soil under the trees to a depth of 25–35 cm. This exposes pests to freezing temperatures or bird predation, while also helping to improve soil structure and reduce disease risk.
Third, pruning. Pruning during winter helps shape the tree canopy, extend its productive life, and ensure consistent yields. It’s best to prune deciduous fruit trees from late December to January. Young trees should be lightly trimmed, while older or weaker trees may need more severe cuts. Adjustments for future growth and fruiting should be made based on tree vigor and fruiting patterns.
Fourth, disease prevention. Orchards often suffer from recurring pest and disease problems. In early winter, apply preventive measures such as spraying a solution of ferrous sulfate, quicklime, and water in a ratio of 3:3:100. Spray evenly and avoid applying on rainy or windy days, or when there's dew or high temperatures to prevent phytotoxicity. Also, ensure all seedlings undergo quarantine to prevent the spread of pests and diseases.
Fifth, antifreeze protection. Protect trees from cold damage by wrapping trunks, mulching around the base, and applying whitewash. The whitewash formula includes lime, clay, water, and sulfur. Apply it carefully to avoid excessive buildup. Evergreen trees can benefit from foliar sprays like urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate to enhance cold resistance. In dry conditions, irrigation between mid-December and early January can help maintain moisture levels.
By following these practices, orchard owners can significantly improve tree health, reduce pest pressure, and prepare for a productive growing season.