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Management Techniques for Feeding Wild Ducks
Wild ducks are considered a precious species among wild birds and have long been valued as premium game. Their meat is not only delicious but also highly nutritious and has medicinal benefits. For farmers, raising wild ducks in captivity can be a profitable venture. Below is an improved and detailed guide on the management techniques for breeding wild ducks:
First, selecting an appropriate breeding area is crucial. The site should be sheltered from the wind, with dry soil, sloped land, and access to shallow ponds or rivers. Semi-aquatic shelters should be constructed to accommodate both land and water areas. Since wild ducks are strong fliers, it's essential to install nets to prevent escape. You can also create open spaces near the house, build enclosures, or dig pits to provide water areas. The size of the duck house depends on the number of ducks. Generally, 8–10 ducks per square meter is ideal, while no more than 20 per square meter is suitable for outdoor space. For water areas, 12–20 ducks per square meter is acceptable. If you construct artificial pools, 100 ducks would require 4 square meters of water, with a depth of 30–40 cm. The water must be changed regularly to maintain cleanliness, and it can also serve as a source of fish, making it a dual-purpose setup.
Second, feeding strategies vary depending on the stage of the ducks: brooding, breeding, egg-laying, and fattening. Each phase requires different nutritional levels and feed formulas. For example, ducklings need 20% crude protein, while adult ducks require around 14–16%. A typical feed formula for ducklings includes corn (40%), bran (10%), barley (15%), sorghum (5%), soybean meal (15%), fishmeal (8%), minerals (4.7%), salt (0.3%), and sand (2%). As ducks grow, the formula changes accordingly, with higher amounts of corn and lower percentages of other ingredients. Additionally, green feed should be provided based on the season—leaves and plants in winter and spring, and water hyacinth or water lettuce in summer and autumn. Multivitamins should be added at a rate of 5 grams per 50 kg of feed.
Third, proper management is key to successful breeding. Wild ducks need consistent egg production throughout the year, so they must be protected from extreme weather. They require shaded areas for resting and clean water for drinking. It’s best to feed them dry feed to avoid spoilage. Ducklings require careful temperature control, starting at 30°C for the first week and gradually decreasing over time. The humidity in their housing should be kept between 65–75%, and they need proper ventilation, lighting, and exercise. Middle-aged ducks should be managed carefully during the transition period, ensuring they stay warm and have access to clean water. Fattening ducks are fed high-energy diets to enhance meat quality, with feeding done 4 times daily. After a few days, the amount is increased gradually, and the process usually lasts about 15 days.
Fourth, disease prevention is essential. Ducks should receive vaccinations at 80–90 days old, using a diluted vaccine (1:200) injected into each muscle at 1 ml. At around 100 days, a chicken cholera vaccine is administered at 2 ml per duck. Maintaining a clean and dry environment inside the shed, changing bedding regularly, and monitoring health are critical to preventing illness.