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How to prevent and treat Schisandra chinensis
The common acute injuries to Schisandra chinensis are primarily caused by the improper use of pesticides, especially herbicides like 2,4-D butyl ester. These chemicals often drift from nearby corn or wheat fields and cause phytotoxic effects on Schisandra plants. In Haicheng City's Wangshi Town, a farmer planted 100 acres of Schisandra, which suffered severe damage due to exposure to 2,4-D butyl ester. The plant is highly sensitive to this herbicide, and the injury occurs rapidly, leading to symptoms such as leaf curling, wilting, flower and fruit drop, chlorosis, stunted growth, delayed development, and in severe cases, complete plant death. This has resulted in significant economic losses for farmers.
To prevent and manage such pesticide-related injuries, several measures can be implemented. First, it is essential to choose safer herbicides that are effective against weeds but less harmful to Schisandra. Alternatives like Fengfeng Po can be used, and farmers should avoid using 2,4-D butyl ester whenever possible. A 200-meter buffer zone around Schisandra fields is also recommended. Additionally, some farmers may not properly clean their spraying equipment, leading to cross-contamination. For instance, if a sprayer previously used for 2,4-D butyl ester is not thoroughly cleaned, residual chemicals can harm Schisandra during subsequent applications. Another issue is improper nozzle placement and high pressure, which increases droplet drift and causes unintended damage. Studies show that up to 50% of Schisandra seedling deaths are linked to herbicide exposure, highlighting the need for careful management.
In case of drug injury, immediate remedial actions can help. Spraying the leaves with 1-2% urea or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solutions can boost plant recovery and enhance resistance. The solution is prepared by mixing 20–40 ml of the fertilizer with 50 kg of water. If the damage is severe, adding 85% gibberellin at a concentration of 20 mg/kg can help. When using gibberellin, it’s crucial to follow the correct preparation method—water-soluble forms can be directly diluted in water, while non-water-soluble types must first be dissolved in a small amount of alcohol or 60-degree white spirit before being mixed with water.
Chronic injuries, caused by long-term accumulation of pesticides in soil or on plants, are more subtle but equally damaging. Symptoms may not appear immediately but can eventually reduce yield and quality. To address this, before planting Schisandra, farmers can use products like “Tuotuan†to break down residual pesticides in the soil. The application involves spraying 750 grams of “Tuotuan†diluted in 2000 times water over the field during fallow periods, followed by plowing to ensure thorough degradation. A second application is recommended just before planting, using the same dilution ratio. It is important to note that “Tuotuan†should not be mixed with acidic pesticides, sprayed on foliage, or exposed to light. Always prepare it fresh and store it properly.