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How to prevent crop heat damage
High-temperature heat damage refers to the harm caused to plant growth and yield formation due to excessive heat. To effectively combat this issue, it's essential to implement a range of preventive measures, starting with adjustments in farming systems and planting schedules. Additionally, practices such as irrigation, shading, and microclimate management play a crucial role in reducing the impact of high temperatures on crops.
First, for rice cultivation, managing water levels during flowering and grain-filling stages is critical. During the flowering period, shallow irrigation should be used, and night watering can help maintain moisture. It's important to drain the field at the right time to avoid drought while improving the local environment, which supports better grain filling and full development. Choosing heat-resistant rice varieties and applying a 3% superphosphate solution during high-temperature periods can also significantly reduce heat stress on the plants.
Second, when growing vegetables like tomatoes and peppers, it's important to avoid late sowing and focus on early care to promote strong leaf growth, which helps protect the plants from direct sunlight. Planting heat-tolerant crops such as melons and loofahs can also be beneficial. Intercropping tall-stalked plants, like eggplants and sweet peppers, can provide natural shade and lower temperatures in the field. Timely watering is essential to prevent sudden temperature drops that may cause physiological issues in vegetable growth. Using shade nets after summer can further protect crops by reducing soil surface temperatures by up to 3–5°C, offering better protection against summer heat.
Third, fruit trees are particularly vulnerable to sunburn, especially during hot seasons. Preventive measures include proper irrigation and maintaining orchard conditions to ensure adequate water supply for tree growth. Spraying a mixture of Bordeaux or lime on the fruit surface can help reduce sunburn. In winter, whitewashing tree trunks can help regulate bark temperature and prevent rapid fluctuations. When pruning, it's advisable to retain more branches on the sunny side of the tree to minimize the risk of sunburn. These strategies collectively contribute to healthier, more resilient fruit trees during high-temperature periods.