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"Five Elements" of Fertilizing Vegetables
According to agricultural experts, when fertilizing vegetables in greenhouses, farm households must pay close attention to five key technical aspects to ensure healthy growth and optimal yield.
First, it's essential to use well-rotted farmyard manure. Fresh manure can contain harmful pathogens and eggs that may contaminate the vegetables. Moreover, if applied directly in the greenhouse, it can release ammonia during decomposition, which might damage young plants. Therefore, it's best to fully compost the manure outside the greenhouse before applying it to the soil.
Second, the fertilization method should be both scientific and practical. The base fertilizer should be applied about a week before planting, ensuring it is thoroughly mixed with the soil. For top-dressing, apply the fertilizer 7–10 cm away from the plant base, either by side-dressing or using a watering method. After application, cover the soil and water it promptly. Avoid placing fertilizer directly on the ground or on the plants, as this can lead to nutrient loss and potential burning of seedlings. It’s ideal to apply top-dressing during periods when vegetables have high nutrient demand, such as during peak growth or late development stages. Choose cloudy days or evenings for better absorption, and spray the solution on the underside of new leaves for maximum efficiency.
Third, the amount of chemical fertilizer should be carefully controlled. In greenhouses, nutrients are less likely to leach away, so over-application can increase soil salinity, affecting plant health and even causing secondary salinization. Before applying any chemical fertilizer, it's important to test the soil and follow a balanced formula rather than applying randomly.
Fourth, micronutrient fertilizers should also be used appropriately. Although vegetables require only small amounts of these nutrients, they play a crucial role in their metabolic processes. Common micronutrients include boron, molybdenum, zinc, and iron. These can be applied as base fertilizer, used for seed treatment, soaking, or foliar application. However, since the difference between the right dose and an excessive one is small, precise measurement is essential to avoid damaging the plants.
Lastly, plant growth regulators must be used correctly. When applied properly, they can significantly enhance vegetable production. However, each type of regulator has specific conditions and application limits. It’s vital to understand the timing and concentration required, as improper use can lead to poor results or even harm the crops. Always follow instructions and use them cautiously for the best outcomes.