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"Five Elements" of Fertilizing Vegetables
According to agricultural experts, when fertilizing vegetables grown in greenhouses, farm households should pay close attention to five key technical aspects to ensure optimal growth and yield. These practices not only improve the quality of the crops but also help maintain soil health over time.
First, it is crucial to use well-composted farmyard manure. Fresh manure can contain harmful pathogens and parasites that may contaminate the vegetables. Additionally, if uncooked manure is directly added to the greenhouse, it can decompose rapidly, releasing ammonia which may burn young plants. To avoid these issues, farmyard fertilizer should be fully decomposed before being applied, ideally outside the greenhouse.
Second, the method of fertilization must be both scientific and practical. The base fertilizer should be applied about a week before planting, ensuring it is thoroughly mixed into the soil. For top-dressing, it's best to apply the fertilizer 7–10 cm away from the plant base, avoiding direct contact with the stems or leaves. After applying, cover the soil and water it promptly. Never spread fertilizer directly on the ground or on the plants, as this can lead to nutrient loss and damage to seedlings. It’s advisable to apply top-dressing during the peak nutrient demand period, either in the early or late growth stages. Choosing cloudy days or evenings for application helps reduce evaporation, and spraying the solution on the underside of new leaves enhances absorption.
Third, the amount of chemical fertilizer should be carefully controlled. In greenhouses, nutrients are less likely to leach away, so overuse can lead to salt buildup in the soil, negatively affecting plant growth and potentially causing secondary salinization. Before applying any fertilizer, it's important to test the soil and follow a balanced formula. Blindly adding more fertilizer is not recommended.
Fourth, micronutrient fertilizers should be used appropriately. Although vegetables require only small amounts of these nutrients, they play a vital role in their metabolic processes. Common micronutrients include boron, molybdenum, zinc, and iron. These can be used as a base fertilizer, for seed treatment, soaking, or foliar application. However, because the difference between the correct dose and an excessive one is small, precise measurement is essential to prevent fertilizer burn.
Lastly, the proper use of plant growth regulators is important. When applied correctly, these substances can significantly boost vegetable production. However, each type has specific usage conditions and concentrations. It’s critical to follow guidelines closely, as improper use can result in poor outcomes or even harm the plants. Always consider the timing and concentration when applying these regulators.