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Cattle winter management
During the winter season, farm cattle numbers often decrease, and some farmers may become less attentive in their management, leading to weakened animals and poor preparation for spring farming. To ensure healthy cattle during the cold months, proper care is essential.
First, during the overwintering period, balanced nutrition is crucial for cattle. In addition to hay, crops, and silage, they should also receive a sufficient amount of concentrated feed. Options like bran, cake meal, and cornmeal are suitable. Adult cows typically need 1.5 to 2 kg of this daily. Carrots and other vitamin-rich feeds can be added to support overall health. Additionally, 10-20 grams of bone meal and 10-15 grams of salt should be provided daily to compensate for mineral deficiencies.
Second, feeding warm water is important to help cattle digest roughage. Cattle require large amounts of digestive juices each day, and water plays a key role in circulation and nutrient transport. Dehydration can lead to serious issues such as indigestion, loss of appetite, metabolic problems, and reduced vitality. Therefore, it's vital to provide clean, warm water regularly during winter.
Third, maintaining proper ventilation and temperature control in the barn is essential. The ideal temperature for cowsheds is between 8°C and 13°C. A windbreak on the back side of the barn can help reduce cold drafts. During sunny days, it's good to open windows for ventilation at noon to keep the air fresh and prevent dampness.
Fourth, grazing should take place during warm, sunny afternoons. Choose sheltered areas where cows can graze while soaking up the sun. This not only helps them eat more but also promotes better blood circulation and overall fitness.
Fifth, regular cleaning and disinfection of the cowshed are necessary. Manure should be removed frequently, and the barn should be kept clean. Brushing the cows and the area regularly helps maintain hygiene. Disinfectants like 10% lime water or 30% ash water can be used periodically to prevent disease spread.
Lastly, increasing light exposure is important during the short winter days. Cold weather and limited sunlight can weaken cattle immunity, making them more prone to parasites, rheumatism, and digestive issues. Installing one or two 60-watt or 100-watt bulbs in the barn can help improve lighting and support their well-being.