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Cattle winter management
During the winter months, many farmers tend to reduce their management efforts due to fewer cattle on the farm. This can lead to weakened animals and poor performance in the spring. To ensure the health and productivity of cattle during this critical period, proper care and feeding are essential.
First, during the overwintering period, balanced nutrition is crucial for maintaining the health of cattle. In addition to hay, crops, and silage, it's important to provide a sufficient amount of concentrated feed. Options like bran, soybean meal, and cornmeal can be used. Adult cattle should receive 1.5–2 kg of these feeds daily. Carrots and other high-vitamin feeds are also beneficial. Additionally, supplementing with 10–20 grams of bone meal and 10–15 grams of salt each day helps meet mineral requirements and supports overall well-being.
Second, feeding warm water is vital for digestion. Cattle require large amounts of digestive fluids daily, and water plays a key role in circulation and nutrient delivery. Dehydration can lead to serious issues such as indigestion, loss of appetite, metabolic imbalances, and reduced vitality. Therefore, it's important to always provide clean, warm water to ensure optimal health.
Third, proper ventilation and temperature control are essential for cattle in the winter. A comfortable environment with temperatures between 8°C and 13°C helps maintain normal growth and activity. A windbreak on the back side of the barn can protect against cold winds. On sunny days, it's advisable to open windows for ventilation to keep the air fresh and prevent disease spread.
Fourth, grazing during the warmest part of the day is beneficial. Choose sheltered areas where cows can graze while basking in the sun. This not only improves blood circulation but also strengthens their overall condition and immunity.
Fifth, regular cleaning and disinfection of the barn are necessary. Manure should be removed regularly, and the barn floor should be cleaned thoroughly. Brushing the cows and keeping their coats clean helps prevent skin diseases. Disinfecting with a 10% lime solution or 30% ash water at regular intervals ensures a hygienic environment.
Lastly, increasing light exposure is important in winter. Shorter daylight hours and low temperatures can weaken cattle and make them more susceptible to diseases like parasites, rheumatism, and digestive issues. Installing one or two 60-watt or 100-watt light bulbs in the barn can help improve lighting and support better health and activity levels.
By following these practices, farmers can ensure that their cattle remain healthy, strong, and ready for the next growing season.