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Jilin Nongda discovered the mechanism of anti-ginseng rust disease
Ginseng rust is a widespread and recurring disease that significantly impacts ginseng cultivation. Recently, scientists from Jilin Agricultural University made an important breakthrough by discovering that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can enhance the plant's resistance to rust. This research, supported by the Jilin Science and Technology Development Program under the Applied Basic Research Project of Jilin Province, has successfully passed expert evaluation. The project titled "Research on the Role and Mechanism of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inducing Resistance to Rust in Ginseng" marks a significant step forward in sustainable ginseng farming.
The primary goal of this study was to address the challenges of continuous cropping in ginseng, which often leads to soil-borne diseases and reduced yield. By examining the interaction between five types of AM fungi and ginseng rust fungi, researchers found that *Glomus fasciculatum* effectively suppresses the development and spread of rust. This discovery highlights the potential of AM fungi as a natural biocontrol agent.
Using AM fungi as a biological pesticide to manage plant diseases, especially soil-borne fungal infections and nematode infestations, is already well-established in agricultural science. In this study, the team analyzed the changes in enzyme activities triggered by AM fungi in ginseng, particularly focusing on chitinase and PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) enzymes. These enzymes were found to play a key role in enhancing the plant’s defense mechanisms.
For the first time, researchers isolated the Class III chitinase gene from ginseng and conducted prokaryotic expression analysis and functional identification. These findings not only deepen our understanding of how AM fungi induce resistance but also lay the groundwork for future applications in biological control and molecular pathology of ginseng rust. This research opens new possibilities for eco-friendly and sustainable ginseng production.