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First, shape diagnosis
1, lack of boron. The apical buds stop growing, gradually wither and die, the roots are underdeveloped, the leaves are dark green, the leaf shape is smaller, hypertrophy, shrinkage, the plants are dwarf, the flower development is not perfect, the fruit and spikes are not true, the buds fall off, the roots, the berries heart Rot or necrosis. Such as cauliflower root swelling, radish hollow, heart rot and so on.
2, lack of molybdenum. Poor plant growth, short stature, lack of greenery between veins, or distorted leaves. For example, the edge of a tomato leaf curls upwards, forming white and gray spots and litter; cabbage forms elongated and deformed leaves.
3, zinc deficiency. Zinc in the early stage of maize shows spots on the leaves, gradually chlorosis, and white bud disease; in the late growth period, the ear is lack of grain and alopecia.
4, lack of manganese. The illness begins with a new leaf. The leaves of new leaves of dicotyledonous crops have yellowish green leaves, and the veins are still green; gray spots or brownish green spots appear on the leaves of monocotyledonous crops, gradually forming strips along the midrib and lateral veins; And necrosis.
5, iron deficiency. In the case of chlorosis, the young leaves and veins begin to lose their chlorotic greenness, veins remain green, and are completely chlorotic, and sometimes the entire leaf appears yellowish-white. Due to the small mobility of iron in the body, the new leaf appears to be chlorogenic, while the old leaf remains green.
6, lack of copper. In the absence of copper in the cereal crops, the tips of the leaves turn white and their edges are yellow-gray, and they cannot head when they are severe.
Second, the root spray diagnosis. The root-dose spray diagnosis involves dissolving the soluble salts containing trace elements into a solution with a certain concentration, spraying them on the leaves of the diseased plants, or coating them on diseased leaves, or immersing the diseased leaves in the solution for 1-2 hours. 7-10 days to observe the recovery of diseased leaves. If the diseased leaves are recovered or the leaf speed is significantly increased and the leaf color is normal, it can be confirmed that the plant disease is caused by the lack of a trace element. The spraying concentration of general trace elements is: boric acid or borax 0.1%, ammonium molybdate 0.01%-0.1%, zinc sulfate 0.02%-0.1%, manganese sulfate 0.1%, ferrous sulfate 0.75%-1.0%, copper sulfate 0.02% -0.04%. In order to make the trace elements easy to infiltrate into the plant body, a neutral spreading agent may be added to the spraying solution.
Third, the injection of diagnostic methods. There are leaf vein injection, branchlet injection and other methods. First, the salt of a certain trace element is formulated as a solution. The general concentration is 0.1%-0.2%, and the copper sulfate should not exceed 0.1%. Then use filter paper or cotton to make a rake. Place one end on the stem cut and the other on Sheng. Traces of trace elements were removed from the tube for 7-12 hours. After 10 days, the growth of the diseased plants and the changes of the disease were observed and confirmed. Or take a piece of diseased plant leaf, cut the leaves on both sides along the main vein, leaving only the main vein and some residual mesophylls, immediately immersed in the test tube containing the trace element solution for 1-2 hours and take it out. After a few days, observe whether the color of the neighboring diseased leaf is Back to normal.
Fourth, chemical analysis and diagnosis. Chemical analysis and diagnosis is the use of chemical methods to determine the trace elements in the soil and the trace elements in the plant, the critical indicators to judge.
There is a complex relationship between soil, crops and nutrient elements. For general crops, water-soluble boron in the soil is less than 0.5 mg/kg. Plants will exhibit symptoms of boron deficiency, while sugar beet can be increased to 0.75 mg/kg. Canola and cotton It was reduced to 0.4 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively. From this we can see that in order to determine the abundance of trace elements in the soil in terms of production, it is necessary to make detailed and comprehensive research on the combination of local soil conditions and crop types. The chemical analysis of the plants is generally carried out at the beginning of crop growth when the deficiency symptoms are not obvious. According to the determination, for the mature leaves, when the contents of trace elements such as molybdenum, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, and iron are less than 0.1, 15, 20, 20, 4, 50 mg/kg, respectively, it can be diagnosed as deficiency.
Therefore, to determine what trace elements are lacking in vegetables, it is necessary to combine plant and soil data, and refer to the diagnostic results such as plant appearance and spray, and select the correct diagnosis program. Provide scientific basis for rational application of trace element fertilizers.
The lack of trace elements in vegetables and the diagnosis
Trace element content in the crop body is small, but it is part of the enzyme or coenzyme in the plant, and it has strong specificity. It is an indispensable or non-replaceable part of the crop's normal growth and development. Therefore, when the crop lacks any trace element, the growth and development are inhibited, resulting in reduced production and quality, and in severe cases even lost. The following is a brief description of the deficiency symptoms and diagnostic methods of several trace elements.