Canned Tuna,Fresh Canned Tuna,Frozen Canned Tuna,Canned Skipjack Chunk ZHEJIANG RETRONX FOODSTUFF INDUSTRY CO.,LTD , https://www.retronxfoods.com
Non-pollution Cultivation Techniques of Green Grape
Grapes, specifically the genus Vitis, are perennial deciduous vines that include both European and Asian species. While native to the United States, they have been widely cultivated around the world. One popular variety is the seedless Thompson grape, known for its large clusters, individual berries with a thin skin, vibrant green color, crisp texture, and sweet flavor. These grapes are non-nuclear, easy to store and transport, and are considered the highest quality among fresh grapes. In the U.S., they are often referred to as the "king of fresh fruit."
To achieve high-quality, high-yield, and efficient grape production, several key cultivation practices must be followed. These include understanding the environmental needs of the plants and implementing advanced agricultural techniques.
First, it's important to understand the environmental requirements of grapes:
1. **Temperature**: Different grape varieties have varying temperature needs at different growth stages. After leaves fall, temperatures between 0°C and 5°C trigger dormancy. As spring progresses, when average temperatures exceed 10°C, European-American hybrids begin to sprout. Shoots grow faster as temperatures rise, with optimal shoot growth and flower bud development occurring between 25°C and 32°C. A greater difference between day and night temperatures helps ensure better fruit development and maturation.
2. **Light**: Grapes require full sunlight for healthy growth, high yield, and good fruit quality. Insufficient light can lead to weak shoots, thin leaves, small clusters, and poor winter bud formation. Therefore, planting in well-lit areas and using proper pruning techniques to improve light penetration is essential.
3. **Moisture**: During early spring budding, shoot growth, and young fruit expansion, the soil should maintain about 70% moisture. During ripening, the moisture level should be reduced to around 60%.
4. **Soil**: Grapes are adaptable to various soils, except for swamps and heavy saline-alkali soils. Sandy loam with good fertility is ideal for their growth.
Next, pollution-free grape cultivation techniques should be improved and applied:
1. **Land Preparation**: Choose a well-drained, fertile area with good sunlight and ventilation. Deep plowing improves soil aeration and water permeability.
2. **Base Fertilization**: Apply 150 tons of mature farmyard manure and 3,750 kg of superphosphate per planting ditch for balanced nutrition.
3. **Water-Saving Techniques**: Use drip irrigation combined with mulching to save 60–70% of water while keeping the soil loose and free from weeds.
4. **Variety Selection**: Choose early-maturing, high-quality green varieties with strong growth vigor for commercial success, especially for early market availability.
5. **Planting Density**: Proper spacing enhances light utilization and increases yield.
6. **Pre-Germination**: Apply a 20% lime nitrogen solution in late January to promote earlier germination.
7. **Pruning and Thinning**: Maintain one main trunk with 5–6 branches and 4 fruit clusters per tree. Control each cluster weight between 500–700 grams for optimal yield.
8. **Fruit Treatment**: Use gibberellin during flowering to enhance fruit size and quality.
9. **Bagging**: Covering fruits prevents damage from pests, sunburn, and pesticide residues.
10. **Pest Management**:
- **Monitoring**: Establish a regular pest and disease forecasting system to enable early prevention.
- **Biological Control**: Keep the field clean, use compost, and apply organic fertilizers to boost plant resistance.
- **Physical Control**: Use insecticidal lamps to manage common pests.
- **Chemical Control**: Apply sulfur mixtures and Bordeaux mixture at appropriate times, avoiding chemical pesticides close to harvest.
11. **Harvesting**: Harvest when the fruit reaches about 80% maturity, with a balanced sugar-to-acid ratio and excellent flavor.