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Non-pollution Cultivation Techniques of Green Grape
Grapes, specifically the genus Vitis, are perennial deciduous vines native to Europe and Asia, but also widely cultivated in the United States. Among them, the seedless Thomson variety is particularly popular for its large clusters, high-quality fruit, thin skin, crisp texture, and sweet flavor. These grapes are non-nuclear, making them ideal for fresh consumption. Known as the "king of fresh fruits" in the U.S., they are highly valued for their excellent taste and ease of storage and transport.
To achieve high-quality, high-yield grape production, proper cultivation techniques must be followed. First, understanding the environmental needs of grapes is essential. Temperature plays a critical role at different growth stages. After leaves fall, grapes enter dormancy at temperatures between 0°C and 5°C, which lasts about a month. In early spring, when the average temperature exceeds 10°C, European-American hybrids begin to sprout. As temperatures rise, shoot growth accelerates, with the optimal range for shoot development and flower bud differentiation being 25°C to 32°C. A larger temperature difference between day and night helps improve fruit quality and ripening.
Light is another crucial factor. Grapes require full sunlight, and insufficient light can lead to weak shoots, thin leaves, small clusters, and poor fruit quality. Therefore, selecting well-lit areas and ensuring good air circulation and light penetration is important. Proper vineyard design, row spacing, and pruning techniques help maximize light exposure.
Water management is also vital. During the budding, shoot growth, and early fruit expansion stages, the soil should maintain around 70% moisture. During the ripening period, the moisture level should be reduced to approximately 60%.
Soil adaptability is strong, except for swampy or heavily saline-alkali soils. Fertile sandy loam is ideal for grape cultivation.
For pollution-free grape production, several key practices should be implemented. First, choose suitable land with good drainage, fertility, and no contamination. Deep plowing improves soil aeration and water infiltration. Applying organic fertilizer and superphosphate as base fertilizer enhances soil nutrients. Drip irrigation combined with mulching saves up to 70% water while keeping the soil loose and free from weeds. This system also allows for efficient fertilization, improving productivity and reducing labor.
Selecting high-quality varieties that mature early and have strong growth vigor is essential. Proper planting density increases light utilization and yield. Pre-germination techniques using lime nitrogen solution can help start the growing season earlier. Pruning and thinning ensure balanced growth and optimal fruit quality, with each cluster kept within 500–700 grams and per mu yield controlled at 2200–2500 kg.
During flowering, applying gibberellin can enhance fruit size and quality. Bagging protects grapes from pests, sunburn, and disease. Integrated pest management includes regular monitoring, biological control (such as compost and natural predators), physical methods like insecticidal lamps, and careful use of chemical pesticides only when necessary, following strict safety guidelines.
Harvesting should occur when the fruit color is bright and the sugar-to-acid ratio is balanced, typically around 80% maturity, to ensure the best flavor and quality. By implementing these techniques, growers can produce premium grapes that meet market demands and maintain sustainable agricultural practices.