How to provide good health and productivity for tilapias?

The global population continues to grow day by day and is projected to reach approximately 8.24 billion by 2030 [1,2]. This increase in population presents a significant challenge for ensuring access to safe and affordable food. Fish, particularly rich in protein and omega-3 fatty acids, plays a crucial role in meeting the nutritional needs of the growing population [1]. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) [3], 67% of fish consumed worldwide come from aquaculture, with Nile tilapia being the second most farmed fish globally and the top choice in Brazil [4]. To maintain the upward trajectory of tilapia production, it is imperative to use high-quality feed ingredients that provide optimal levels of essential nutrients—such as proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals—to ensure the nutritional status of the fish. Doing so not only supports the animals’ health but also boosts productivity and performance, ultimately enhancing profitability for producers. Selecting the appropriate ingredients during feed formulation is a critical responsibility for both zootechnicians and those involved in feed design. Today’s market offers numerous advanced ingredients designed specifically for optimizing tilapia feed. Choosing ingredients with high digestibility ensures efficient nutrient utilization, supporting better animal health and performance. Protein hydrolysates, like Chicken Protein Hydrolysate (CPH), Chicken Liver Protein Hydrolysate (CLPH), and Feather Protein Hydrolysate (FPH), offer highly digestible amino acids. Studies by dos Santos Cardoso et al. (2021) [6] confirm their efficacy, showing that incorporating these ingredients into tilapia diets can significantly enhance performance. Feed serves as the primary source of nutrition for both domestic and production animals, playing a vital role in their growth and productivity. For instance, in aquaculture, feed accounts for 60 to 70% of production costs. Therefore, it is essential to choose a feed that not only meets basic nutritional needs but also enhances immunity and improves fillet yield. In intensive tilapia farming systems, where high stocking densities are common, feed quality becomes even more critical. Poor feed quality can lead to increased stress and health issues, negatively affecting production metrics like feed conversion ratios, weight gain, and survival rates [7]. Hence, understanding the nutritional requirements of tilapia at various life stages is crucial for effective feed formulation. Digestibility is another key consideration in feed formulation. High digestibility ensures better nutrient absorption, which is directly tied to animal health, growth, and overall development. Furthermore, poor digestibility can degrade water quality by increasing waste accumulation, leading to harmful bacterial growth and elevated levels of toxins like ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates, which compromise animal health. Optimizing protein levels in feed formulations is particularly beneficial, as it not only protects aquatic ecosystems but also supports the physiological functions of fish. Proteins are essential for muscle growth and the production of oxygen-carrying molecules, hormones, and protective agents against pathogens. Beyond traditional macronutrients, feed should also include functional ingredients that offer additional health benefits. For example, antioxidants can counteract oxidative stress caused by free radicals, which can otherwise harm animal health. In today’s competitive market, producers must leverage innovative solutions to remain profitable. Feed containing advanced ingredients derived from cutting-edge technologies can enhance nutrient availability and improve animal performance. BRF Ingredients [13], for instance, produces and distributes high-tech ingredients like protein hydrolysates, which are created through enzymatic hydrolysis. This process breaks down raw materials into smaller, more digestible components, resulting in higher-quality protein products. Chicken Protein Hydrolysate (CPH), produced from chicken viscera and meat, is an exemplary ingredient. Dos Santos Cardoso et al. (2020) [6] found that CPH contains over 75% protein with a balanced amino acid profile, making it highly palatable and digestible for Nile tilapia. Similarly, Feather Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) offers high protein content and essential amino acids, improving feed performance. Hydrolyzed Porcine Mucosa Protein also stands out due to its excellent amino acid profile and bioactive peptides, contributing to enhanced zootechnical performance. In conclusion, the success of any feed formulation hinges on delivering tangible benefits in terms of animal health, growth, and productivity. Investing in high-quality, digestible ingredients not only boosts production but also reduces costs. Staying informed about technological advancements is essential for making informed decisions that maximize profitability. Choosing the right ingredients tailored to the specific needs of tilapia can significantly impact outcomes, whether in terms of health or productivity. Thus, evaluating all available options thoroughly is critical to achieving the best results. References: [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468550X20301180 [2] http://refhub.elsevier.com/S2468-550X(20)30118-0/sref54 [3] https://doi.org/10.18356/8d6ea4b6-en [4] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0044848617318495#bb0275 [5] http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0044-8486(20)31780-4/rf0185 [6] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044848620317804 [7] SANTOS, V.G.; FERNANDES JUNIOR, A.C.; KOCH, J.F.A et al. Desempenho produtivo da tilápia-do-nilo arraçoada com dieta contendo farelo de nabo forrageiro. Bol. Inst. Pesca, v.35, p.451-459, 2009. [8] https://jasbsci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40104-017-0153-9#citeas [9] Alves, DRS, de Oliveira, SR, Luczinski, TG, et al. Attractability and palatability of liquid protein hydrolysates for Nile tilapia juveniles. Aquac Res. 2020; 51: 1681– 1688. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14514

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