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Improve the quality of boar semen in summer
First, scientific management.
1. Carefully select and retain high-quality boars. Choose male pigs with standard body weight, no limb diseases, symmetrical testes, obvious male characteristics, fast sexual reflexes, and good health for breeding. Based on the results of semen testing, select boars that produce large volumes of high-density, high-quality semen. Old boars should be phased out and replaced with young, superior ones to ensure better semen quality during the hot summer months.
2. Adjust the feed formula. Specifically, reduce the carbohydrate content in the feed and add 2-5% fat, such as feeding two eggs per pig daily or offering 0.25 kg of cooked small fish. Adding 200–500 mg/kg of vitamin C and 200 mg/kg of vitamin E to the feed can help lower cortisol levels during heat stress and improve immunity. Herbal ingredients like hawthorn, atractylodes rhizome, dried tangerine peel, betel nut, and astragalus membranaceus, which have cooling properties, can be used as feed additives to alleviate heat stress in breeding pigs.
Second, implement effective cooling measures.
1. Use traditional methods: Ensure boar housing is tall and spacious, with thick insulation on the roof. Paint the outer walls with lime and plant tall trees and vines like gourds and pumpkins around the farm for shade. Install exhaust fans and ventilation systems to improve air circulation. Use water sprayers or hoses to spray water on the pigs and roofs for cooling. Wet curtains are also effective; when the curtain is 12 cm thick and the airflow is 1–1.2 m/s, the cooling efficiency reaches 81–87%, reducing the temperature by 5–8°C. The higher the ambient temperature, the more effective the system becomes. Provide plenty of clean cold or well water, and consider manually washing the testicles of boars to reduce the impact of heat on their fertility.
2. Apply water-cooled air conditioning and build a climate-controlled pig house. Before summer, renovate the pig house according to the number of boars. Insulate the ceiling and install aluminum windows and screens for regular ventilation. Place two 1000W water-cooled air conditioners on the east and west sides, along with two exhaust fans. Each boar stall should be 2.2 meters long and 1 meter wide, equipped with a feeding trough and an automatic drinker on the south side. A slatted cement slab is installed under the cage, with a 25–30 cm hollow running from south to north. Urine flows into deep sewers and is directed to an external digester. A sperm collection room is located on the east side, separated from the lab by aluminum glazing. When outside temperatures exceed 30°C, the air conditioner keeps the indoor temperature around 25°C.
3. Adjust feeding and exercise times. Feed boars during cooler hours, such as early morning around 6 AM and late evening around 7 PM. Offer wet feed and green vegetables to enhance palatability. Allow 0.5–1 hour of exercise after morning feeding and before evening feeding.
4. Focus on disease prevention and control. High temperatures and humidity in summer promote pathogen growth and increase the risk of heat stress-related diseases that affect semen quality. Maintain cleanliness in the barns, remove leftover feed promptly, and prevent mold and spoilage. Regularly clean water troughs and manure pits to keep the environment dry and ventilated. Spray insecticides on walls, play areas, and the sperm collection room to eliminate mosquitoes and flies. Alternate disinfectants and regularly clean tools and work clothes to avoid cross-infection. Carry out routine vaccinations against swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, pseudorabies, parvovirus, Japanese encephalitis, and brucellosis in spring and autumn. Also, monitor the effects of certain drugs and vaccines on semen quality and use herbal medicine to minimize adverse impacts.