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Improve the quality of boar semen in summer
In order to ensure the quality of boar semen during the hot summer season, it's essential to implement a comprehensive management strategy that covers breeding selection, nutrition adjustment, cooling techniques, feeding and exercise schedules, and disease prevention. Here’s a detailed guide on how to effectively manage boars during this critical period.
First, focus on scientific breeding practices. Select only high-quality boars for breeding—those with standard body weight, no limb diseases, symmetrical testes, strong male characteristics, quick sexual reflexes, and good overall health. It's also important to choose boars with high semen volume and density. Once older boars begin to show signs of aging or reduced fertility, they should be replaced by young, superior boars to maintain the quality of the semen produced during the summer months.
Next, adjust the diet to help boars better cope with heat stress. Reduce the carbohydrate content in their feed and add 2–5% fat, such as feeding two eggs per day or offering 0.25 kg of cooked small fish. Additionally, supplementing the feed with 200–500 mg/kg of vitamin C and 200 mg/kg of vitamin E can help reduce cortisol levels and improve immune function under heat stress. Herbal ingredients like hawthorn, atractylodes rhizome, dried tangerine peel, and astragalus can also be used as feed additives to help cool the body and reduce heat stress.
Effective cooling measures are crucial during the summer. Traditional methods include ensuring that boar housing is well-ventilated, with thick insulation on the roof and white-painted walls to reflect sunlight. Planting tall trees and climbing plants around the farm can provide natural shade. Installing exhaust fans, ventilation systems, and using water sprays on the pigs’ bodies and roofs can further aid in cooling. Wet curtain systems, when properly installed (with a thickness of 12 cm and wind speed of 1–1.2 m/s), can lower temperatures by 5–8°C. Providing clean, cold water and manually washing the testicles can also help reduce the negative effects of high temperatures on boar fertility.
Consider using water-cooled air conditioning and constructing temperature-controlled barns. These facilities should be insulated, equipped with aluminum windows and screens, and fitted with two 1000W water-cooled air conditioners and exhaust fans. Each boar stall should be designed for comfort, with proper drainage and a separate area for sperm collection. When outdoor temperatures exceed 30°C, the air conditioning can maintain an indoor temperature of about 25°C, creating a more favorable environment for breeding.
Adjust feeding and exercise times to avoid the hottest parts of the day. Feed boars early in the morning and late in the evening, and offer wet, moist feeds mixed with green vegetation to improve palatability. Include short periods of physical activity, such as 30–60 minutes of walking after each meal, to keep the boars active without overexertion.
Lastly, prioritize disease prevention. High humidity and heat create ideal conditions for pathogens to thrive, which can lead to heat stress-related illnesses that affect semen quality. Keep the environment clean by removing leftover feed promptly, regularly cleaning water troughs and sinks, and maintaining dry and well-ventilated areas. Use insecticides to control pests and disinfect regularly. Avoid cross-contamination by cleaning tools and work clothes thoroughly. Ensure all necessary vaccinations, including those for swine fever, pseudorabies, and brucellosis, are up to date. Be cautious with certain medications and vaccines that may impact semen quality, and consider using herbal remedies to minimize adverse effects.