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How to prevent tobacco budworm
The tobacco budworm, also known as the tobacco nymph, is a common leaf-feeding pest belonging to the family Noctuidae. It is frequently found in various tobacco-growing regions. This pest thrives in high humidity conditions, which promote egg hatching and larval development. The optimal temperature range for its development is between 20°C and 28°C, with the highest egg-laying activity occurring at 24°C to 26°C.
The larvae of *Helicoverpa assulta* feed on the tender shoots and top leaves of tobacco plants, causing numerous small holes and notches. In severe infestations, only the leaf veins may remain, or the growing tip may be damaged, leading to "headless" plants that are unable to produce quality leaves. Newly hatched larvae are active both day and night, while older larvae tend to hide under the leaves or in the soil during the day and become active at night and early morning. They leave behind a lot of black and green frass on the affected leaves. Once mature, the larvae burrow into the soil to pupate.
To manage this pest, several control methods can be employed. One effective approach is the use of light traps, taking advantage of the phototactic behavior of adult moths. These traps can be placed in fields during the adult emergence period to capture and eliminate them. Manual removal is also an option—farmers should regularly inspect their fields, especially on cloudy days or early in the morning, when fresh damage or live larvae can be spotted on the top leaves. When found, the larvae should be removed by hand.
Chemical control options include the use of insecticides such as 90% trichlorfon (diluted 800 times), 40% phoxim (1500 times), 2.5% cypermethrin (2500 times), 90% fenitrothion (3000 times), or 2500 times diluted rifampin. These sprays should be applied directly to the leaf surfaces. It's important to alternate between different chemicals to prevent resistance buildup and ensure long-term effectiveness. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to reducing damage and maintaining healthy tobacco crops.