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How to prevent tobacco budworm
The tobacco budworm, also known as the tobacco nymph, is a common leaf-feeding pest belonging to the family Noctuidae. It is frequently found in tobacco-growing regions and poses a significant threat to tobacco crops. The development of this pest is highly influenced by environmental conditions, particularly humidity. High humidity levels promote egg hatching and support the growth and development of larvae. The optimal temperature range for the development of *Helicoverpa assulta* (commonly referred to as H. assulta) is between 20°C and 28°C, with the highest egg-laying activity occurring at temperatures of 24°C to 26°C.
In terms of its harmful characteristics, the tobacco budworm primarily feeds on the tender shoots and upper leaves of tobacco plants, creating numerous small holes and notches. In severe infestations, the leaves may be completely stripped down to just the veins, or the growing tip of the plant may be damaged, leading to a "headless" appearance. Newly hatched larvae are active both during the day and night, while older larvae tend to hide under the leaves or in the soil during the day and become active at night and early morning to feed. Their feeding activity leaves behind visible signs such as black and green frass (insect excrement) on the affected leaves. Once fully grown, the larvae burrow into the soil to pupate.
To manage this pest, several control measures can be implemented. One effective method is the use of light traps, taking advantage of the phototactic behavior of adult moths. These traps are placed in the fields during the period of adult emergence to capture and eliminate them. Manual removal is also an important strategy; farmers should regularly inspect their fields, especially on cloudy days or early in the morning, when fresh damage or the presence of larvae on young leaves can be observed. Locating and killing the larvae near the affected areas can help reduce the population. Chemical control options include the use of insecticides such as 90% trichlorfon crystals diluted at 800 times, 40% phoxim at 1500 times, 2.5% chlorpyrifos at 2500 times, 90% Wanling powder at 3000 times, or 2500 times dilution of rifampin. These solutions should be sprayed directly onto the leaf surfaces. It is important to alternate the use of different chemicals to prevent resistance development and ensure long-term effectiveness.