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Early prevention of maize rough dwarf
Maize rough dwarf disease is a viral infection spread primarily by the small brown planthopper, *Laodelphax striatellus*. Due to the increasing population of *Sphaerotheca fuliginea* and rising pesticide resistance in recent years, an integrated approach has been adopted. This strategy includes "cutting off the source of the virus, controlling pests, managing diseases, and implementing comprehensive prevention and control measures" based on the transmission patterns of *Smilax grisea* and the prevalence of the disease.
Recent field surveys indicate that there are significant differences in disease occurrence between adjacent plots. Local farmers reported that varieties such as Yuqing 1, Linao 1, and Zhengdan 958 were heavily affected, with infection rates generally ranging from 5% to 10%. In contrast, the Nongda series showed lower susceptibility, with infection rates below 2%. These findings highlight the importance of selecting disease-resistant maize varieties for long-term management.
After the wheat harvest, early control measures are implemented to manage the population of planthoppers. During the summer corn's 3- to 4-leaf stage, a comprehensive treatment against aphids and planthoppers is carried out. To ensure effectiveness, treatments should be repeated every seven days. Pesticides like imidacloprid are recommended for application. It is crucial to follow a unified schedule, use consistent methods, and apply the same products across all fields to enhance disease prevention and control efficiency.
In addition, removing infected plants promptly helps prevent the spread of the virus within the field. For severely affected areas, it is advisable to destroy the crops and replace them with legumes to reduce economic losses and improve soil health. These combined efforts help create a more sustainable and effective management system for maize rough dwarf disease.