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Arranging a good variety of autumn cabbage
Autumn cabbage is one of the key vegetable varieties grown in the city during the fall season and plays a crucial role in boosting farmers' income. Cultivating high-quality autumn cabbage is not only economically important but also vital for meeting market demands and ensuring sustainable agricultural practices.
To achieve this, it's essential to plan the planting schedule carefully, so that the harvest occurs in stages rather than all at once. For example, in areas where late-maturing Chinese cabbage like Beijing No. 3 is primarily cultivated, the main harvest time is around early November. However, this leads to a surge in supply, which can cause prices to drop and reduce profitability. To avoid this, farmers can adjust their harvesting strategy by picking and selling smaller quantities earlier, such as in early October. Although the yield may be slightly lower, the higher price at that time can significantly improve profits. Later on, some cabbages can be stored properly, allowing for gradual sales based on market demand, which helps maintain steady income throughout the season.
Another important aspect is the diversification of cabbage varieties to meet different consumer preferences. Farmers who have direct marketing channels or can offer premium packaging should consider growing specialty cabbages, such as the orange-red variety developed by the Beijing Vegetable Research Center. These unique types can be marketed as seasonal delicacies, adding value and attracting a niche audience.
In addition, adopting pollution-free production techniques is essential to ensure the nutritional quality and safety of the cabbage. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has raised concerns about food safety, so it's important to use these inputs wisely. By implementing eco-friendly farming methods, farmers can produce high-quality, safe vegetables that appeal to health-conscious consumers.
**High-Quality and High-Yield Autumn Cabbage Cultivation Techniques**
1. **Choose disease-resistant varieties**: Selecting suitable cultivars like Beijing New No. 3, Jingqiu No. 1, Zhongbai No. 2, and Zhongbai No. 4 ensures better yields and resistance to common pests and diseases.
2. **Prepare the field thoroughly and apply full base fertilizer**: Based on soil fertility standards in the Beijing suburbs, most open fields are moderately low in nutrients. It is recommended to use 5,000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, along with 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of potassium fertilizer, or 50 kg of compound fertilizer.
3. **Plant at the right time**: In Beijing, the ideal sowing period is between August 3rd and August 8th. Before sowing, seeds should be treated with appropriate pesticides like Caifengning or Rhizoctonia to prevent diseases.
4. **Standardized planting**: Use small sorghum plants for support, keeping them under 20 meters long. Choose compact varieties with four or six rows, which make watering and pest control easier. Ridge cultivation is also recommended for certain varieties.
5. **Optimal plant density**: Seedlings should be transplanted at the end of August. Beijing New No. 3 and Jingqiu No. 1 are best suited for 1,800–2,000 plants per mu, while Zhongbai No. 2 and Zhongbai No. 4 require 2,000–2,200 plants per mu.
6. **Effective seedling management**: "Three-water seedlings and five-water transplanting" is a common practice. Timely control of pests like aphids and cabbage caterpillars is necessary, using bio-pesticides like bio-soap or beta-cypermethrin EC.
7. **Manage the rosette stage**: This critical phase usually lasts 10–20 days. Apply 20 kg of urea or 50 kg of ammonium sulfate when the plant has about 22 leaves, followed by watering and weeding to promote healthy growth. Continue monitoring for aphids, cabbage caterpillars, downy mildew, and black spot.
8. **Strengthen management during the head formation period**: Focus on proper fertilization and pest control. Avoid applying too much fertilizer at once, instead using a staged approach to prevent over-fertilization and nutrient depletion. Also, integrate disease and pest control measures to ensure good quality.
- Water regularly, starting with light watering and then every 7 days. Stop watering 7 days before harvest.
- Apply "heart-charging" fertilizer in late September to early October, using 25 kg of urea to support head development. Throughout the growing season, top-dress according to a 1:3:4:2 ratio (seedling: rosette: early ball: mid-ball).
- Monitor and control diseases like downy mildew, black spot, and soft rot, especially black rot in the later stages.
By following these comprehensive strategies, farmers can successfully grow high-quality autumn cabbage, maximize profits, and contribute to a more sustainable and profitable agricultural system.