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Arranging a good variety of autumn cabbage
Autumn cabbage is one of the key vegetable crops in the city during the fall season and plays a crucial role in boosting farmers' income. Growing high-quality autumn cabbage is not only economically important but also essential for meeting market demands and ensuring food security.
First, it's important to plan the planting schedule carefully to avoid overproduction at once. For instance, in areas where late-maturing Chinese cabbage like Beijing No. 3 is commonly grown, the peak harvest usually occurs in early November. This often leads to an oversupply in the market, which can lower prices and reduce profits. To address this, farmers can stagger their harvests by harvesting some cabbages earlier in October. Although the yield may be slightly lower, the higher market price during that period can significantly improve profitability. Later, they can store some of the produce and sell it gradually based on market demand, ensuring a more stable income throughout the season.
Second, diversifying the types of cabbage planted can help meet different consumer preferences. Farmers with access to direct marketing channels or those interested in premium packaging can grow specialty varieties such as the orange-red cabbage developed by the Beijing Vegetable Research Center. These unique cabbages can be marketed as seasonal delicacies, offering added value and attracting niche markets.
Third, adopting pollution-free farming techniques is vital to ensure the nutritional quality and safety of the cabbages. With increasing concerns about chemical residues from excessive fertilizer and pesticide use, it's important to implement sustainable practices. Using organic fertilizers, reducing chemical inputs, and applying eco-friendly pest control methods can help produce high-quality, safe vegetables that meet modern consumer standards.
**High-Quality and High-Yield Cultivation Techniques for Autumn Cabbage**
1. **Choose disease-resistant varieties**: Opt for high-quality seeds such as Beijing New No. 3, Jingqiu No. 1, Zhongbai No. 2, and Zhongbai No. 4, which are known for their resilience and good yield.
2. **Prepare the field thoroughly and apply full base fertilizer**: Based on soil conditions in Beijing’s suburban areas, most open fields have low fertility. It is recommended to apply 5,000 kg of high-quality organic manure per mu, along with 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of potassium fertilizer, or 50 kg of compound fertilizer.
3. **Sow at the right time**: In Beijing, the ideal sowing period is between August 3rd and August 8th. Before sowing, treat the seeds with pesticides such as Caifengning or Rhizoctonia to prevent diseases.
4. **Plant using standard methods**: Use small sorghum ridges, with rows no longer than 20 meters. Choose squat-type plants with four or six stems for easier irrigation and pest management. Ridge cultivation is also a suitable option for certain varieties.
5. **Ensure proper planting density**: Seedlings should be transplanted at the end of August. Beijing New No. 3 and Jingqiu No. 1 are best suited for 1,800–2,000 plants per mu, while Zhongbai No. 2 and Zhongbai No. 4 require 2,000–2,200 plants per mu.
6. **Strengthen seedling care**: Provide adequate water and maintain healthy growth. Control pests like aphids and cabbage caterpillars using bio-pesticides such as bio-soap or beta-cypermethrin EC.
7. **Manage the rosette stage effectively**: This is a critical period for seedling development. Apply 20 kg of urea or 50 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu when the plants have around 22 leaves, followed by watering and cultivating the soil to promote strong growth. Continue pest control and monitor for downy mildew and black spot.
8. **Focus on head formation management**: Proper fertilization and pest control are key during this phase. Avoid applying all the top dressing at once; instead, use staged applications to prevent nutrient deficiency later. Also, combine disease and pest prevention to protect the crop from damage.
- **Watering**: Water the seedlings lightly at first, then every seven days. Stop watering seven days before harvesting.
- **Top dressing**: Apply 25 kg of urea during the early head formation stage (late September to early October) to support filling. Throughout the growing season, follow a 1:3:4:2 ratio for top dressing—1 part during seedling, 3 parts during rosette, 4 parts during early head, and 2 parts during mid-head. Total application should be around 70–100 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu.
- **Pest and disease control**: Pay special attention to downy mildew, black spot, and soft rot. Especially in the later stages, focus on preventing black rot to maintain quality.
By following these techniques, farmers can ensure a successful and profitable autumn cabbage harvest, contributing to both economic growth and food sustainability.