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Tuberculosis patients with drug-resistant strains are highly contagious
In a recent study published in the *Public Library of Science, Medicine*, scientists from the UK and Peru have revealed that tuberculosis (TB) patients who carry antibiotic-resistant strains are significantly more contagious. The research highlights the critical need for thorough treatment and strict infection control measures, as improper management can lead to widespread transmission within healthcare settings.
Each year, approximately 9 million people worldwide contract TB, and around 2 million die from the disease. Caused by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*, TB is a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other organs. It spreads through the air, especially when an infected person coughs or sneezes. A single cough can release up to 3,000 infectious droplets, while a sneeze can expel as many as 1 million.
Researchers from Imperial College London, in collaboration with Peruvian scientists, conducted a study at a hospital in Lima. They collected air samples from an AIDS-TB ward and exposed them to guinea pigs in a controlled environment. The animals were then tested for TB infection, and genetic analysis was used to match the bacterial strains found in the guinea pigs with those carried by patients in the ward.
Over a 505-day period, the team discovered that 8.5% of the 118 patients were responsible for 98% of the infections in the guinea pigs. Notably, 90% of the infections were linked to patients carrying multi-drug-resistant TB strains, while a smaller number were associated with individuals who had severe coughs that released large amounts of infectious particles.
The findings emphasize the importance of identifying drug-resistant TB early in patient care. Patients with resistant strains must receive timely and effective treatment, along with stricter isolation protocols to prevent further spread.
Source: China Medicine 123 Network