PHB is a truly biodegradable and biocompatible plastic and an attractive environmental-friendly alternative to fossil-based thermoplastics such as PE and PP. However, unmodified PHB resin has a relatively high melting point of about 160 to 180 °C and is difficult to process due to its narrow processing window. To improve its processability and mechanical properties, PHB is often blended with plasticizers and other polymers such as polyvinyl acetate (binders), polyvinyl alcohol and polylactic acid (PLA).
Commercial grades of PHB have properties that are very similar to those of polypropylene (PP). Typical applications of PHB are disposable tableware articles like drinking cups, cutlery, trays, food plates and food containers. Some other (potential) applications include soil retention sheething and other agriculture films, waste and shopping bags, and the use as a packaging material in general. PHB can also be spun into fibers which could be used for the manufacture of woven and non-woven biodegradable one-use fabric articles such as surgical sutures (Tepha). Other (potential) biomedical applications include drug delivery systems (microcapsules or microspheres) and biodegradable implanted medical devices.
Polyhydroxybutyrate Phb,Medical Implant Material Phb,Thermoplastics Phb,Green Material Phb Xingbang High Molecular Materials Co., Ltd. , https://www.chemicaladditive.com
Red meat honey grapefruit autumn management
In the fall, the roots of red-fruited pomelo, along with the long autumn shoots and the fruit itself, undergo rapid growth and development. As the season progresses, water and sugar accumulate in the saccharomyces cells, leading to fully developed, sweet fruits. During this critical period, any damage caused by pests, diseases, or extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain or drought can significantly impact the size, quality, and yield of the pomelo. Therefore, it is essential to implement timely and effective autumn management practices to ensure optimal fruit development and a successful harvest.
First, proper fertilization during the autumn is crucial. Before the "big summer" season, for every 100 kg of fruit produced, apply 3 kg of urea and 2 kg of potassium fertilizer to support strong fruit and shoot growth. After the "big summer" and before the "White Dew" period, avoid applying additional fertilizer, as more than 80% of the nutrients needed are already available from the first half of the year. This helps reduce fruit cracking. From "White Dew" to "Autumn Equinox," apply two rounds of fertilizer: 2 kg of urea and 0.5 kg of potassium per 100 kg of fruit. This supports fruit sweetness and prepares the tree for flower bud differentiation.
Second, managing water levels and controlling pests and diseases is vital. Autumn often brings typhoons and heavy rains, which create ideal conditions for pathogens to thrive. From mid-September, the red spider population peaks, so regular monitoring and timely spraying are necessary. It's recommended to spray protective treatments before the typhoon hits to prevent disease outbreaks. In dry and hot conditions, keep the orchard soil moist through irrigation or sprinkling, especially if weeds are cut and the ground is not tilled. Maintaining proper moisture helps prevent fruit cracking, sunburn, and excessive lignification, ultimately improving fruit quality and yield.
Third, effective pest and disease control is key. Here are some specific measures:
1. Red spider infestations should be addressed by spraying 3000 times diluted solution of abamectin in mid-September.
2. Rust mites can be controlled by spraying 80% dexamethasone zinc (500 times) and 1000 times of chlorpyrifos solution between August and September.
3. Greasy spot disease requires 1–2 sprays of 80% dexamethasone (500 times) combined with Jinggangmycin (500 times).
4. Ring disease can be managed by spraying 500 times thiophanate-methyl and 500 times Jinggangmycin.
5. Bridge insects should be treated with 800 times diluted dipterex in early September.
6. Leaf miners can be controlled by spraying 2500 times thiazole or 2000 times gentian treasure. Young shoots should be sprayed every 5–7 days starting at 0.5 cm, with 3–4 applications.
Proper autumn management not only enhances the quality and yield of the current harvest but also lays a solid foundation for a bountiful crop in the following season. By staying proactive and attentive, growers can ensure their pomelo trees remain healthy and productive throughout the year.