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Promote flower and fruit
(1) Red pomelo trees possess a strong regenerative capacity, especially in their cambium. By applying appropriate girdling or ring-cutting techniques, young and mature trees can be encouraged to grow vigorously and produce more fruit.
The timing of girdling and ring-cutting is typically between late November and early December, but it may vary depending on local climate conditions and the stage of flower bud differentiation. In Pinghe, for example, red pomelo orchards at 260–400 meters above sea level should be girdled in mid-November, while those at 400–600 meters should be girdled in late November, and those above 700 meters in mid-December. If there is a dry period of two months or even one month from November to December, adjustments must be made based on tree age and vigor. Girdling is usually applied to weak trees, as well as to young bearing trees and vigorous adult trees. Trees over 10 years old are generally not recommended for girdling. If spring growth is healthy and shoots are vigorous, a circular cut around the main branches can be done about five days after flowering. For trees aged 6–10 years, the decision depends on their vigor. Vigorous trees should have a narrow girdle (no more than 0.3 cm), while medium-vigorous trees may require two cuts. Trees with low vigor should not be girdled. Young bearing trees should be girdled 1.0 cm above the grafting site, with a width of no more than 0.3 cm. In low-lying areas or where winter temperatures drop below 0°C, it is better to leave a 3 cm lateral branch un-girdled to avoid damage.
The width of girdling is typically 0.3–0.5 cm, and up to 0.6 cm for particularly vigorous trees. The incisions must be smooth and not broken. The girdling area is generally 10–20 cm from the ground, and the higher the cut, the smaller the width should be due to reduced healing ability.
After girdling, the wound should be treated immediately with 70% thiophanate-methyl diluted 400 times to prevent infections. One month later, or by the second half of the following year, a protective paste made from fresh cow dung, clay, and thiophanate-methyl should be applied. If the material falls off within a month or if the callus doesn’t heal, reapplication and plastic wrap are necessary.
Post-girdling care includes timely fertilization and leaf pruning. Avoid using pine alkali mixtures in winter, but apply them 15–20 days before girdling. Soil cultivation should be shallow (within 10 cm) and combined with organic fertilizer. Avoid heavy nitrogen fertilizers like urea; instead, use foliar feeding with high-potassium solutions such as green wang No. 2 or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. When spring shoots appear, spray with green wolfberry No. 1 and follow with high-nitrogen sprays to promote shoot growth. Remove excess shoots to reduce fruit drop and improve fruit quality.
If wounds do not heal properly, make new incisions on the upper and lower phloem and treat with green wound 95 liquid. Fill the wound with soil and wrap it in plastic. Top-dress the canopy twice, 10 days apart.
(2) Paclobutrazol, a plant growth regulator, when used in combination with proper cultural practices, significantly enhances flower bud differentiation, fruiting, and yield. It inhibits winter shoot growth, improves tree vigor, and increases flower quality and fruit setting rates. Application in late October to early November, and again in mid-December, at concentrations of 450–600 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively, has shown positive results. However, it should not be applied to weak or old trees, or during periods of severe drought.
(3) Thinning flowers and fruits is essential for improving fruit quality and commercial value. During the flower bud stage, manually removing excess buds reduces nutrient competition and promotes healthier blooms. This leads to larger, more uniform fruits and fewer physiological drops. Red pomelo, being seedless, requires extra attention to fruit protection.
Flower thinning follows the principle of “remove small, keep large; remove weak, keep strong.†Spikes and buds are thinned to ensure only the strongest remain. Fruit thinning occurs after the second physiological drop, leaving 1–3 fruits per branch. Proper management of nutrients and water, along with pruning of unnecessary shoots, helps maintain tree health and fruit quality.
During the flowering stage, apply a mixture of Fengpin, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and borax to prevent fruit drop. After the first drop, use gibberellin and similar solutions to further protect fruit development. Regular pest control and timely removal of summer shoots also play a key role in maintaining balance between vegetative and reproductive growth.