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Prevention and cure of diseases and insect pests in summer fruit trees
With the rising temperatures and increasing humidity during summer, fruit trees are more vulnerable to diseases and pests. This environmental shift creates favorable conditions for pathogens and insects to thrive, leading to potential outbreaks that can significantly impact farmers' yields and income. To address this issue, the reporter spoke with Lu Guoqiang, Secretary-General of the Provincial Plant Pathology Society, who provided valuable insights into effective strategies for managing common fruit tree diseases and pests during the summer season.
According to Lu, the development of pests and diseases typically follows three stages: initial, active, and advanced. It's crucial to act early—before an outbreak occurs. For diseases, prevention is key. Farmers should focus on strengthening the tree's natural resistance through proper cultivation practices, such as adequate watering, fertilization, and pruning. Once a disease is detected, immediate action is necessary. Affected parts should be manually removed, scraped, or treated with appropriate pesticides to prevent further spread.
For pests, timing is everything. Controlling them at the early stages, especially before they reach the third instar, ensures better results. At this point, the pests are smaller, their bodies are thinner, and they are more susceptible to insecticides. Spraying should be done when pests are still concentrated and before they spread widely. For example, leaf-rolling caterpillars and leaf miners should be controlled before they start rolling leaves or entering the foliage. Similarly, fruit-boring pests must be managed before they penetrate the fruit.
When using pesticides, it's essential to follow best practices. Farmers should choose high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue products, and strictly adhere to the manufacturer's instructions. The correct dilution ratio is important to ensure even coverage, especially on the underside of leaves where pests often hide. Overuse or misuse of pesticides can lead to resistance, so rotating different types of insecticides and fungicides is recommended. Avoid spraying in windy conditions and try to apply treatments during cooler parts of the day to minimize damage to plants and reduce the risk of pesticide poisoning.
In addition, protective fungicides should be applied before rain, while systemic fungicides are more effective after rainfall. Farmers should also avoid applying chemicals during extreme temperature conditions, as high heat may increase the effectiveness of some pesticides but also raise the risk of toxicity. By adopting these proactive and informed approaches, farmers can better manage fruit tree health, reduce losses, and ensure sustainable production.