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According to the soil application of farmyard fertilizer
Soil texture plays a crucial role in determining the most suitable type of farmyard manure to use. Different animal manures have unique properties and are best suited for specific soil types. Understanding these differences can help farmers optimize soil fertility and crop yield.
Loamy soil is considered ideal for all types of manure due to its balanced structure, which allows for good water retention and aeration. In contrast, clay soils are dense and heavy, so it's better to apply manures with high organic matter but lower nutrient content, such as sheep or pig manure, to improve soil structure without overloading it with nutrients.
Sandy soils, on the other hand, tend to drain quickly and lose nutrients easily. For this reason, they benefit more from manures rich in organic matter but with moderate nutrient levels, like cow or sheep dung. These materials help retain moisture and slowly release nutrients over time.
Chicken and duck manure has a high organic matter content, around 25%, and is rich in nutrients. It’s often used as a popular farmyard fertilizer. However, it’s considered a “hot†manure because it generates more heat during decomposition. This makes it particularly beneficial for deeper soils with low salt ion concentrations. But it also carries some risks—uric acid and excess nitrogen can be harmful if not properly decomposed. Therefore, it should be fully matured before application as a base or top dressing to avoid damaging plants.
Sheep manure contains about 20% organic matter and has a moderate nutrient profile. A small amount of nitrogen may need to be added during decomposition to enhance its effectiveness. It performs well in all soil types and crops, and when fully decomposed, it can be used as both a base and top dressing.
Cow manure, while rich in organic matter, decomposes slowly and releases nutrients at a lower rate. It’s often referred to as a “cold†fertilizer due to its lower fermentation temperature. To speed up the process, fresh cow dung can be dried in the sun and mixed with other manures. Because of its high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, it’s important to supplement it with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers to prevent competition between microorganisms and crops for nitrogen. Fully decomposed cow manure is best used as a base fertilizer to improve long-term soil quality.
Pig manure is highly nutritious, with the highest potassium content among farmyard manures. Its nitrogen and phosphorus levels are second only to sheep manure. Pig manure is finer in texture, contains more ammonifying bacteria, and breaks down quickly, making it an effective and fast-acting fertilizer. It helps in the formation of humus and improves soil structure. Being a warm fertilizer, it suits all soil types and crops. When fully decomposed, it can be applied as both a base and top dressing to maximize its benefits.