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Maize two-plant cultivation management
Maize two-plant cultivation is a technique where two seedlings are left in each planting hole after sowing. This method enhances ventilation and light penetration, allows for higher planting density, and can achieve high yields of up to 1000 kg per mu (approximately 667 kg per hectare). The key aspects of this technique include:
First, selecting suitable varieties is essential. It is recommended to use short-statured, high-yield hybrids such as Zhengdan 958 or Qinlong 11, which are well-suited for dense planting and have strong resistance to diseases.
Next, the planting layout typically uses a wide-narrow row pattern. The wide rows are about 80 cm apart, while the narrow rows are 40 cm, with two plants per hole. The distance between holes is 40 cm, resulting in approximately 5000 plants per acre. Before planting, it's common to apply mulch in the spring to help raise soil temperature and retain moisture, which supports early growth.
Water management is also crucial. Timely irrigation should be provided to ensure uniform emergence of seedlings. In dry conditions, sufficient water must be supplied, including pollination water and ear-filling water, to support healthy development.
Fertilization should be done in a rational and timely manner. A base fertilizer, such as organic manure (around 1500 kg per mu) and compound fertilizer (25–30 kg per mu), should be applied before sowing. During the jointing stage (when the plant has 5–6 leaves), additional nitrogen fertilizer, like urea (about 20 kg per mu), should be used. At the large trumpet stage, a top-dressing of 30 kg of urea per mu is recommended, combined with soil cultivation to improve nutrient absorption.
Pest control is another important aspect. Focus should be placed on managing pests such as the corn borer and armyworm. For armyworms, spraying solutions like 40% phosphamidon at 500–600 times dilution or 2.5% chlorpyrifos at 1000 times dilution is effective. For corn borers, monitoring the early leaf stages is critical, and young larvae can be manually removed if necessary. Before the stalk is cut, 1.5% phoxim granules can be directly placed into the whorl. Alternatively, 90% trichlorfon diluted at 800–1000 times or 75% phoxim emulsion at 1000 times can be sprayed on the ear, which helps control infestations effectively.
Overall, this technique not only improves yield but also enhances the efficiency of resource use, making it a valuable approach for modern maize farming.