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Goose farm water source selection four principles
The water supply must be sufficient to meet the needs of on-site residents, including drinking, feeding, fire protection, and irrigation. It should also consider future growth and fire safety requirements. Domestic water consumption for workers is estimated at 24–40 liters per person per day. Adult geese require approximately 1.25 liters of water daily, covering drinking, irrigation, and feed preparation. For young goslings, this amount can be reduced to 50% of that for adults.
Firewater requirements are governed by Chinese fire protection regulations, which stipulate that underground fire hydrants be installed on site. Each hydrant should cover an area within a 50-meter radius, with a flow rate of 10 liters per second. The fire duration is typically considered to be 2 hours. Irrigation water needs should be determined based on the greenery and feed cultivation conditions on the site. It's important to ensure that the water source can still meet all demands during dry seasons.
Water quality is critical for goose drinking and feed preparation. Ideally, the water source should meet drinking water standards without additional treatment. In most cases, however, the water must be purified and disinfected before it meets the "Poultry Drinking Water Quality Standard."
The surrounding environment of the water source should be clean and well-maintained to ensure consistent water quality. When using surface water, the intake point should be located upstream of industrial areas and towns to avoid contamination.
Surface water, such as from rivers, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, is commonly used but highly susceptible to natural variations and pollution from industrial and domestic waste. This can lead to health issues or chronic poisoning. However, surface water often has good self-purification capabilities, making it widely utilized. Whenever possible, it's preferable to select large, flowing surface water sources, though they usually require artificial purification and disinfection before use.
Groundwater, formed through the percolation of rainwater and surface water into the earth, is generally cleaner than surface water. However, it may contain minerals and trace elements depending on the geological composition. Its hardness is typically higher, and in some cases, it might include harmful substances. Careful evaluation is necessary when selecting groundwater as a water source.
Precipitation, such as rain or snow, is naturally pure but difficult to collect and store. It is not reliable for continuous use, especially in non-arid regions. Therefore, it is rarely used as a primary water source for goose farms.
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