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Reasons and Prevention of Fuji Apple Deflection
First, the causes of fruit deflection:
1. Inadequate pollination and fertilization: When there are many mature seeds in the fruit, the distribution among the chambers is even, resulting in a low rate of misshapen fruits. However, if the number of seeds is low, or their distribution is uneven, hollow chambers may form, leading to a higher rate of skewed fruits. The number of fruits per inflorescence also plays a role—each inflorescence producing a single large fruit tends to result in a high fruit shape index, while producing two fruits per inflorescence can reduce both fruit size and shape index.
2. Poor fruit orientation: Fruits that are not properly positioned, such as those that sag at the top, tend to have a higher rate of correct shaping. Conversely, when fruits are not well-oriented, skewness becomes more common.
3. Insufficient stored nutrients: If the tree has adequate stored nutrients, it can improve the fertilization rate of the fruit and support the early development of young fruits. Good previous fertilizer and water conditions contribute to better fruit shape and upright growth. On the contrary, poor nutrient storage leads to an increase in skewed fruits.
Second, measures to prevent fruit deflection:
1. Planting pollination tree species: It's crucial to include compatible pollination trees in the orchard. Proper configuration of these trees ensures better cross-pollination, which significantly improves fruit set and quality.
2. Artificial pollination: This technique helps ensure that flowers are effectively fertilized, leading to higher fruit setting rates and better fruit size and quality. Methods such as hand pollination or using bees like bumblebees during flowering have proven effective.
3. Early thinning of fruits: For varieties like Fuji apples, which have a low natural fruiting rate (around 1.5%), removing excess flowers and fruits early on reduces unnecessary nutrient competition, thereby increasing the chances of producing high-quality, well-shaped fruits.
4. Improve fertilization and irrigation management: From June to October, applying foliar fertilizers can enhance fruit development. Maintaining soil moisture between 60-80% is essential. During droughts, proper watering is necessary, while drainage should be ensured during heavy rains. Insufficient moisture results in weak fruits, while excessive water can lead to excessive vegetative growth, poor coloration, and lower sugar content. Additionally, maintaining grass cover in orchards can help improve soil organic matter and regulate nitrogen and water levels, which benefits fruit coloring and overall quality.