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According to the soil application of farmyard fertilizer
Soil texture plays a crucial role in determining the most suitable type of farmyard manure to use. Different animal manures, such as chicken, cow, sheep, and pig dung, each have unique properties that make them more or less effective depending on the soil type.
Loam soil is considered ideal for all types of manure due to its balanced structure and ability to retain moisture and nutrients effectively. Clay soils, being dense and heavy, benefit from manures high in organic matter but lower in nutrients, such as sheep and pig manure. These help improve soil structure without overloading it with soluble nutrients. On the other hand, sandy soils, which drain quickly and lose nutrients easily, are best suited for manures with high organic content, like those from cows, sheep, and pigs, which can help retain moisture and nutrients longer.
Chicken and duck manure has a relatively high organic matter content (around 25%) and is rich in nutrients, making it a popular choice among farmers. However, it is considered a "hot" manure because it generates more heat during decomposition. This makes it particularly beneficial for deep soils with low salt levels. That said, it can also attract underground pests and contains uric acid and nitrogen that need to be fully broken down before being used by plants. When properly matured, it can be applied as both a base fertilizer and a top dressing.
Sheep manure contains about 20% organic matter and has moderate nutrient levels. It’s known for its quick effectiveness and is suitable for all soil types and crops. A small amount of nitrogen fertilizer may be added during decomposition to enhance its benefits. Fully decomposed sheep manure works well as a base or top dressing.
Cow manure, while rich in organic matter, takes longer to break down and releases nutrients slowly. It’s often referred to as a “cold†manure due to its lower fermentation temperature. To speed up the process, fresh cow dung can be dried in the sun and mixed with other manures. Its low nutrient content and high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio mean that it’s important to apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers alongside it to prevent competition between microorganisms and plants for nitrogen. Fully decomposed cow manure is best used as a base fertilizer for long-term soil improvement.
Pig manure is highly nutritious, with the highest potassium content among all farmyard manures, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. Its fine texture and high microbial activity make it easy to decompose, leading to a rapid release of nutrients. This helps in forming humus and improving soil structure. Pig manure is also a warm fertilizer, making it suitable for all soil types and crops. Once fully decomposed, it can be used as a base or top dressing to enhance crop growth and soil health.