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There are five "must" pigs in summer
In the sweltering summer heat combined with high humidity, the pig industry is highly vulnerable to a range of adverse effects. Pigs begin to experience heat stress when temperatures reach 32°C to 34°C. If these conditions persist for two to three consecutive days, pigs often show signs of discomfort and reduced productivity. Common symptoms include loss of appetite, elevated body temperature, lethargy, reduced sexual drive in boars, failure of gilts to come into estrus or irregular estrus cycles, increased embryonic mortality in pregnant sows, and even death in some cases due to extreme heat.
To mitigate these issues, several effective measures should be implemented:
First, proper ventilation is essential. For buildings oriented east-west, fully opening front and rear windows can significantly reduce indoor temperatures. If possible, larger windows should be installed before summer arrives. Additionally, fans can be used during peak heat to enhance air circulation and improve thermal comfort.
Second, shading is crucial. Planting trees around the pig house not only enhances the environment but also provides natural shade. Constructing a pergola near the pig house can further lower the surrounding ground temperature, creating a cooler microclimate.
Third, ensuring an adequate water supply is vital. Pigs require more water in the summer, so feeding them with thinner feed can help maintain hydration. Clean drinking water must always be available, and spraying water around the pig house can assist in cooling. However, avoid directly splashing cold water on the pigs, as this can lead to colds or other health issues.
Fourth, feeding management needs to be adjusted. Feed pigs during cooler hours, such as between 4:00 AM to 5:00 AM and 8:00 PM to 9:00 PM, to avoid the midday heat. Gradually adjust feeding times as temperatures change, rather than making sudden shifts. When moving piglets to market, choose early or late hours when it's cooler. Sows should be farrowed during milder seasons if possible. Avoid using excessive cold water in farrowing areas to prevent high humidity. Regularly clean the bedding with disinfectant, remove feces at least twice daily, and manage fly and mosquito populations effectively.
Lastly, adjusting the feed formula can support pigs during hot weather. Adding 2–3 kg of baking soda, 150–200 g of vitamin C, and 80–100 g of vitamin E per ton of full-price feed can help. For sows, adding 5–8 kg of edible oil per ton and increasing crude protein content can improve their performance and overall health.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can better protect their livestock from the harmful effects of summer heat and ensure the well-being and productivity of their pigs.