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Key points of eggplant seedling raising technology in autumn and winter in greenhouse
The cultivation of autumn eggplants in greenhouses during the fall and winter seasons helps to meet market demand after the first frost, when prices tend to rise. Eggplants are typically heat-loving plants that thrive in warm conditions and long sunlight hours. However, during autumn and winter, the growing environment is opposite—cooler temperatures and shorter daylight hours. This requires special management techniques to ensure successful production.
First, selecting the right varieties is crucial. The plants must be able to withstand lower temperatures and still grow quickly. Recommended varieties include hybrid eggplant No. 9, Black Eggplant King, and Super Nine Leaves, which are known for their disease resistance and adaptability to cooler conditions.
Second, proper nursery techniques are essential. The seedling stage should begin in mid-July to early August, with transplanting taking place from mid-August to early September. Ensuring the seedlings are at the correct age is key to a successful harvest. During this period, high temperatures, rain, pests, and root damage can all contribute to disease outbreaks. Therefore, it's important to implement "six defenses" — protecting against light, rain, drought, heat, locusts, and root damage.
Choose a well-ventilated and dry area for the seedbed to prevent waterlogging and leggy growth. The soil should be soft, fertile, and moist. A recommended mix includes 50% mature soil free from solanaceous crops, 40% fully decomposed organic manure, and 10% fine sand. Add 1.5 kg of NPK compound fertilizer and 5 kg of wood ash per cubic meter, then sieve the mixture. The ideal pH range is between 6.5 and 7.
It’s also important to disinfect the seedbed soil. You can use 65% powdered Dynox at a rate of 1 kg per cubic meter, mix it thoroughly, cover with plastic, and let it sit for 2–3 days before using. Alternatively, spray 0.5% formalin on the soil, mix it, and cover for 5–7 days before using once the smell has dissipated. Carbendazim or a five-generation mixture can also be used for disinfection.
Place bamboo arches at least 80 cm high over the seedbeds and use old plastic sheets, shade nets, or bamboo curtains to protect against excessive light, heat, rain, and dew. It’s best to expand the nursery area to 40–50 square meters per acre, allowing direct planting of seedlings. If possible, surround the beds with nylon nets to prevent insect infestations.
After transplanting, keep the soil loose and monitor for diseases. Apply 3000 ppm chlormequat to control adult plants, and after two leaves appear, spray a mixture of thiophanate-methyl, 5% garlic juice, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5% urea every 5–7 days to prevent seedling diseases. Also, watch out for locusts, cockroaches, and mites. Transplant when the plants have 4–5 leaves.