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Mole domestication and management methods
Sheep, also known as Theron or Mole, are small mammals with a large, flat head and poor eyesight. Their back hair is silver-gray in color, slightly pale, and they are commonly found in the northeastern parts of China, including northern Hebei, Inner Mongolia, mountainous regions of the northwest, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and western Sichuan. These animals have significant economic value due to their medicinal, fur, and meat uses. The bones of ground sheep can be used as a substitute for tiger bone medicine, and their liver and gallbladder are particularly valuable. Their fur is highly prized, comparable to mink, and their meat is considered a delicacy in local cuisine.
**Habitat and Behavior**
Native sheep exhibit several unique behaviors. They prefer to live in moist, loose soil, often digging burrows. Males and females typically live separately but come together during the breeding season. They are nocturnal, avoid sunlight, have poor vision, but are very sensitive to sound. They feed mainly on roots and tubers, digging holes to access them. They are resilient to diseases and do not hibernate.
**Capture Techniques**
Capturing ground sheep requires understanding their habits. When they dig, the surface soil forms a distinct pattern. Males leave straight mounds, while females create curved ones. The best times to capture them are during spring and fall, especially around dawn and dusk. There are three main methods: the "planing method" involves using a small tool to locate and extract the animal; the "foot method" collapses the hole by stepping on it; and the "hand-grasping method" is used when the burrow is near open areas like fields or gardens.
**Reproduction**
In the wild, ground sheep breed between April and June, while under artificial conditions, they can reproduce from March to October. They give birth 2–3 times a year, with litters of 4–6 pups, sometimes up to 8. Young sheep grow quickly, reaching independence within 20 days. Breeding occurs when females show mucus discharge and make soft calls. Gestation lasts about 30 days, and births usually happen at night. Pups are weaned within 10 days and begin eating roots and vegetables shortly after.
**Feeding and Management**
Ground sheep are herbivores and require a balanced diet. In captivity, they can be kept in closed enclosures or cages. A typical enclosure is 1.2 meters in height, width, and depth, filled with straw for nesting. Each enclosure houses one pair, and the structure must be secure to prevent escape. Feeding should be done three times daily, with a mix of grass (50%), vegetables (20%), and grains (30%). Salt should be added in small amounts. Water must always be available, and health issues such as colds, pneumonia, and parasites should be addressed promptly.
**Slaughter and Market**
It is best to sell young sheep at 30 days old, while adult sheep can be sold once they reach 400–500 grams. Proper management ensures healthy growth and high-quality meat, making ground sheep a valuable resource for both local communities and commercial markets.