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Method for cultivation of needle mushroom off-season
Shell pecans, a type of deciduous tree belonging to the Hickory genus within the Walnut family, are native to the United States and Mexico. They are among the most valuable dried fruits globally, known for their thin shells, rich nutrients, and high health benefits—often considered superior to local walnuts in quality. Beyond direct consumption, they are also used in premium cooking oils, ice cream, and other food products. The shell powder serves as an advanced polishing material and is highly priced in the U.S., while the wood is valued for furniture and plywood production.
These trees typically begin fruiting around 15 years after planting and can remain productive for 50 to 70 years. In Kunming, Yunnan, their phenological stages occur from late March to early April (budding), mid-April (leafing), early April to late August (shoot growth), and mid-November (leaf fall).
They thrive in warm, humid climates with an average annual temperature of 15.2°C, tolerating temperatures as low as -15°C and as high as 41.7°C. However, cold during flowering may hinder pollination and flower development. Pecans require consistent moisture, especially during fruit development (June to September), but avoid excessive rain during bloom. They prefer partial shade when young, making artificial shading essential for seedlings. Adult trees grow poorly on sunny slopes that become too dry.
Soil conditions should be loose, well-drained, and rich in humus, ideally on limestone or gravelly loam. Red soil and sandy areas are unsuitable. Propagation is mainly through sowing, though root shoots can also be used. Seeds must be fully mature, sown in autumn, and stored in wet sand if not planted immediately. Seedlings are ready for transplanting after two years. Grafting is also possible in spring.
Planting should take place in deep, loose soil with good water retention and protection from wind. Spacing between trees should be 4m x 5m to 7m x 8m. Planting holes should be 1-1.5m wide and 1-1.2m deep. A layer of straw, topsoil, and organic fertilizer should be placed at the bottom. Trees are best planted in December to January, with proper watering and support.
Pruning should be light in the early years to encourage main branches and ensure good air circulation. As the tree ages, old branches can be cut back, and new shoots cultivated. Fertilization is crucial: applying urea before spring, special fruit tree fertilizer during fruit growth, and organic compost in autumn. Regular spraying with urea and potassium phosphate helps maintain plant health. Watering should be adjusted based on seasons, with drainage during rainy periods.
Pests such as aphids and leaf spot disease require regular monitoring and timely treatment. For off-season mushroom cultivation, particularly enoki mushrooms, specific techniques are used. Cultivation is done from February to April, with harvests from April to July or August to September. Two popular varieties, Jinxiang No. 1 and No. 2, are resistant to heat and produce high yields. The growing medium includes cottonseed hulls, wood chips, bran, and other additives. Bags are sterilized, inoculated, and cultured under controlled conditions for about 20–25 days until full mycelium coverage.