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Daily management of sea cucumber breeding technology
The original name of the sea cucumber was "Shali," a term that reflects its appearance—covered in a spiny texture and resembling a cucumber. It is also commonly known as the "sea cucumber." This marine creature is highly nutritious and has long been valued as a superfood for its health benefits, earning it the nickname "ginseng of the sea." According to nutritional experts, sea cucumbers are rich in mucins and various amino acids, which contribute to their anti-tumor, anti-coagulant, and anti-aging properties.
In terms of habitat, sea cucumbers typically live in shallow waters ranging from 3 to 15 meters deep. They prefer calm, algae-rich environments with rocky or hard substrates. These creatures are sensitive to low salinity and thrive best in water with a salinity level between 28 and 38 parts per thousand. Therefore, when setting up a farming pond, it's important to choose a wide coastal area with clear water, abundant natural food sources, and minimal pollution. Avoiding estuaries helps maintain stable conditions, which promote faster growth.
To create an ideal environment for sea cucumbers, farmers often construct artificial reefs using stones, tiles, or cement blocks. These structures provide ample surface area for the sea cucumbers to attach to and offer a natural source of food. The larger the surface area, the better the results, making stone-based reefs the most effective option.
Once the pond is ready, the next step is stocking seedlings. It's crucial to select high-quality, healthy juveniles. Early-hatched seeds tend to be stronger, so choosing the first batch is recommended. If available in large numbers, opt for larger seedlings, and if all are similar in size, pick the strongest ones. Overstocking can lead to disease and poor growth, so maintaining a proper stocking density is essential. For example, stocking around 2,000 to 6,000 individuals per 1/15 hectare ensures optimal conditions and reduces the risk of disease.
Daily management is relatively straightforward. Water changes are necessary, and a free-nano-tidal system is often used to maintain water quality. Water should be changed twice daily, and the volume should be controlled to avoid stress on the sea cucumbers. Sea cucumbers can tolerate a wide temperature range, from 0°C to 20°C, but when temperatures exceed 28°C, shading and additional water changes are needed to keep them cool.
Feeding is simple, as they primarily feed on plankton, benthic diatoms, and organic debris found naturally in the water. In seasons with low plankton levels, supplementary feeding may be required, but care must be taken not to overfeed. Predators such as Japanese squid and cuttlefish can threaten the stock, so any signs of these predators should be addressed promptly to protect the sea cucumbers.