In winter, when vegetables are grown in sheltered areas, diseases often occur due to unfavorable conditions. If disease prevention is not in place, it will result in irreparable damage. The following describes the vegetable winter disease prevention measures. First, bed soil disinfection. In order to prevent soil from spreading disease, bed soil should not be planted in the same field for five years. The organic fertilizer must be subjected to high-temperature fermentation and fully cooked. Bed soil is disinfected after it is well-prepared. There are two commonly used methods: First, spray disinfection with chemicals. One kilogram of formalin sprays 100 kilograms of water on a bed of 1 cubic meter of bed soil. The soil is then piled up and sealed tightly with a plastic film. After 4 to 5 days, the film is peeled off, the air is loosened, and the medicine is fully used. It can be used after two weeks; the second is dressing with medicinal soil. Use 50% carbendazim WP or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 8 to 10 grams and 10 to 15 kilograms of bed soil to mix well and spread 2/3 of the drug soil on the bed. After sowing, cover with another 1/3 of the cover soil, using the method of laying the cover. Second, seed processing. Treating seeds before sowing can greatly reduce the occurrence of diseases. There are three commonly used methods: one is soaking seeds with warm soup. For eggplant, cucumber, green pepper, summer squash, tomatoes and other fruit and vegetable vegetables use this method. Soaking in warm water of 50-55°C for 15-30 minutes, then removing and cooling in water of 20°C, washing with water for 2-3 times, and then placing it in a thermostatic chamber for germination; the second is soaking with chemicals. Use 25% metalaxyl wettable powder and 70% mancozeb wettable powder according to the ratio of 9:1, add water and soak it in 1500 times solution, and soak to prevent seedling stage damping-off. The third is chemical seed dressing. 50% of Formamide WP or 50% of carbendazim WP is used for dressing. The dosage is 0.2%~0.3% of the seed weight. Note that the seeds must be seeded in the dry state. Third, seedbed management. To control the onset of disease, it is necessary to grasp the appropriate planting density and prevent overcrowding resulting in overcrowding. The second is to pay attention to insulation, antifreeze, to prevent seedbed temperature is too low. The third is to soak the bottom of the water before sowing, after the emergence of seedlings to control the humidity, to prevent excessive watering, over-attendance. When the humidity is too high, weeds can be sprinkled with wood ash or dry soil. The fourth is to appropriately expedite the early cover of grass in order to extend the duration of the light while ensuring the seedbed temperature. The fifth is often ventilation, reduce air humidity, reduce the harm of harmful gases to seedlings. Fourth, chemical control. When the diseased seedlings are found, they must be removed in time and sterilized by spraying to prevent the spread of the disease. Phlegm can be used 75% of chlorothalonil WP 600 times or 70% of mancozeb 500 times, spray every 7 to 10 days, continuous spray 2 to 3 times; Bing can be used 5% Hydurea hydrophila agent 450 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times spray; root rot can be used 10% of double-effect Ling Shui agent 200 to 300 times, or 50% of carbendazim Wettable powder 400 times spray; Gray mold can be used 50% of acetaminophen WP 800 times, spray every 7 to 8 days, and even spray 2 or 3 times. When spraying, pay attention to alternate medication, timely ventilation after spraying, reduce the humidity of the seedbed in the shed, and reduce the incidence of disease.
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