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The Common Disease Prevention and Control Techniques of Jinxiong Seedlings
Kanazawa is a unique golden-yellow mutant strain of rainbow trout first identified in the population at the Nagano Prefecture Fisheries Test Center in Japan. In December 1996, the Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute imported 10,000 ophthalmic eggs of this same homologous system from Japan. After over three years of experimental breeding, the institute successfully developed techniques for ovum egg production, broodstock breeding, and artificial propagation. Following two to three years of domestication in Beijing and Heilongjiang, the first generation of local broodstock was established, leading to crossbreeding trials between golden trout and rainbow trout. Today, this hybrid has become an important species in China’s aquaculture industry.
Disease prevention during the early stages of golden pheasant seedling cultivation is crucial for improving survival rates. Common diseases include bacterial gill rot, small echinococcosis, third-generation worm infestations, enteritis, abdominal distension, fin rot, and tympanum. Here are some effective prevention and control methods:
1. **Bacterial Gill Rot Disease**: This is one of the most common bacterial diseases affecting golden pheasant fry. It mainly affects fish from the larval stage up to about 10 grams per fish. High stocking density, elevated ammonia nitrogen levels, low dissolved oxygen, and turbid water can trigger this disease. Symptoms include loss of appetite, lethargy, clamped gills, slow swimming, excessive mucus secretion, swollen gills, and bleeding spots on gill filaments. Dead fish often have open mouths. Prevention involves reducing stocking density, increasing water flow and oxygen levels, maintaining clean water quality, controlling feed amounts, and avoiding overfeeding. Disinfecting the pond with appropriate drugs after heavy rain or grading helps reduce bacterial infections. Treatment includes external disinfection (e.g., 1-2% salt solution for 30 minutes, or 0.5-1 ppm povidone iodine for 30-60 minutes) and internal antibiotic administration, such as oxytetracycline mixed into bait at 8-20g per 100kg of fish.
2. **Small Echinococcosis (White Spot Disease)**: A ciliate disease that causes high mortality if not treated promptly. Parasites appear as white spots on the fish's body, fins, eyes, and gills. Infected fish swim erratically, lose appetite, and may die. Prevention focuses on keeping the pond clean and eliminating cysts that form on the pond bottom. Treatments include salt baths (2-3% for 20-40 minutes), methylene blue (3ppm for 60 minutes), or a mixture of paprika juice and ginger sap (300ppm each for 30-60 minutes). Changing the water every 7 days and using dibromohydantoin (1-1.5ppm) helps prevent secondary infections.
3. **Third-Generation Worm Disease**: Usually occurs in later breeding stages. Symptoms include swollen maggots, blackened silk, and lethargic behavior. Treatment involves using crystal trichlorfon at 3-5ppm for 40-60 minutes.
4. **Enteritis**: Affects juvenile fish under 5g. Symptoms include inflamed intestines, no food intake, and white or yellow mucus in the gut. Control involves feeding compound sulfamethoxazole at 100mg/kg for 5-7 days, doubling the dose on the first day.
5. **Abdominal Distension**: Affects fry up to 5g. Symptoms include bloated abdomen and full stomach. Reduce feeding and treat with florfenicol at 15-30mg/kg for 5-7 days.
6. **Fin Rot**: More common in golden pheasants than rainbow trout. Causes inflammation and bleeding on the dorsal fin. Prevention includes reducing stocking density, treating with bromohydantoin (1ppm for 40-60 minutes), and adding oxytetracycline to feed at 8-20g per 100kg of fish for 5-7 days.
7. **Tympanum (Swollen Eyes)**: Caused by high nitrogen levels in the water. Symptoms include bulging eyes and possible eye loss. Improve water quality by increasing dissolved oxygen levels.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can significantly improve the health and survival of golden pheasant seedlings, ensuring successful aquaculture practices.