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The Common Disease Prevention and Control Techniques of Jinxiong Seedlings
Kanazawa is a unique golden yellow mutant strain of rainbow trout that was first discovered in the population at the Nagano Prefecture Fisheries Test Center in Japan. In December 1996, the Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute imported 10,000 ophthalmic eggs from this same homologous system. After more than three years of experimental breeding, the institute successfully developed ovum eggs and broodstock for artificial breeding. Following two to three years of domestication in Beijing and Heilongjiang, the first generation of local broodstock was established, and crossbreeding trials between golden trout and rainbow trout were conducted. Today, Kanazawa has become an important species in China's aquaculture industry.
Disease prevention and control during the early stages of golden pheasant seedling cultivation are crucial for improving survival rates. Common diseases include bacterial gill rot, small echinococcosis, third-generation worm infestations, enteritis, abdominal distension, fin rot, and tympanum. Below are detailed methods for prevention and treatment:
1. **Bacterial Gill Rot Disease**: This is the most common bacterial disease affecting golden pheasant seedlings, typically impacting fish from fry stage up to about 10g per fish. High stocking density, elevated ammonia nitrogen levels, low dissolved oxygen, and poor water clarity increase the risk of infection. Symptoms include loss of appetite, lethargy, excessive mucus secretion, swollen gills, and bleeding spots on the gill filaments. Dead fish often have open mouths. To prevent it, reduce stocking density, improve water flow and oxygen levels, maintain clean water quality, and avoid overfeeding. Disinfect pools after heavy rain or grading. For treatment, soak fish in 1-2% salt solution for 30 minutes, 1-3 times, or use 0.5-1ppm povidone iodine or 0.5-1ppm dibromohydantoin for 30-60 minutes. Oral antibiotics like oxytetracycline (8-20g per 100kg fish) can also be used.
2. **Small Echinococcosis (White Spot Disease)**: A highly contagious ciliate disease that causes significant mortality if left untreated. The parasite appears as white spots on the fish’s body, fins, and eyes. Prevention involves maintaining clean ponds and controlling cysts that form in the pond bottom. During hatchery incubation, treat with 2-3% salt solution for 20-40 minutes. In large ponds, use 3ppm methylene blue or a mixture of paprika juice and ginger sap for 30-60 minutes. Change water every 7 days and disinfect with 1-1.5ppm dibromohydantoin to prevent secondary infections.
3. **Third-Generation Worm Infestation**: Usually occurs in later breeding stages. Symptoms include swollen bodies, darkened silk, and lack of appetite. Treatment involves using 3-5ppm crystal trichlorfon for 40-60 minutes.
4. **Enteritis**: Affects juvenile fish under 5g. Symptoms include inflamed intestines and white/yellow mucus in the gut. Control by feeding compound sulfamethoxazole (100mg/kg) for 5-7 days, doubling the dose on the first day.
5. **Abdominal Distension**: Common in fry up to 5g. Symptoms include bloated bellies and full stomachs. Reduce feeding and treat with florfenicol (15-30mg/kg) for 5-7 days.
6. **Fin Rot**: More prevalent in golden pheasants than rainbow trout. Symptoms include bleeding in the dorsal fin. Reduce stocking density, treat with 1ppm bromohydantoin for 40-60 minutes, and feed oxytetracycline (8-20g/100kg fish) for 5-7 days.
7. **Tympanum (Swollen Eyes)**: Caused by high nitrogen content in water. Symptoms include bulging eyes and possible eye loss. Improve dissolved oxygen levels in the water to prevent this condition.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can significantly enhance the health and survival rate of golden pheasant seedlings, ensuring sustainable aquaculture practices.