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Pay attention when duck eggs hatch
Temperature incubation: It's important to note that new and old eggs are placed in staggered positions. The internal temperature is typically maintained at 37.5°C, but it's crucial to ensure the temperature difference across all areas of the incubator—front, back, top, bottom, and sides—is kept within 0.1°C to 0.2°C. Any significant variation can lead to a drop in hatchability. This method allows for simultaneous processing of multiple batches, making it efficient for large-scale operations. However, it should only be used when temperature, humidity, and ventilation conditions are consistently controlled.
Variable temperature hatching is particularly useful when egg supply is limited. Ducks' eggs are large and rich in fat, which leads to increased metabolic heat production after day 13 of incubation. If the temperature inside the hatcher isn't adjusted properly, localized overheating can occur, resulting in embryo death. The recommended temperature schedule is as follows: 38.3°C on day 1, 38.2°C on day 2, 38.0°C to 38.1°C on day 3, 37.8°C to 37.9°C from day 4 to 13, 37.4°C to 37.6°C from day 14 to 25, and 37.2°C to 37.3°C from day 26 to 28. When using variable temperature incubation, the temperature differences within the machine must be minimized, and adjustments should be quick and precise, especially during the first three days.
Humidity levels should be maintained between 40% and 70%, with an ideal range of 50% to 70%. During hatching, a humidity level of 65% to 75% is optimal, as it helps ducklings break out of their shells and prevents their down from sticking to the shell.
"Spraying," or misting, serves both to aerate and humidify the eggs. From day 14 onward, eggs should be sprayed once daily with warm water (25°C to 30°C) until day 25. The frequency can be increased to twice per day if needed. This process not only cools the eggs but also removes the membrane on the shell, enhancing its permeability and allowing for better gas exchange and water metabolism, ultimately improving hatch quality.
The oxygen content in the incubator air should not fall below 20%, while carbon dioxide levels should be kept between 0.3% and 0.6%, with a maximum of 2%.
Eggs should be turned frequently in the early stages—8 to 12 times per day and night—and less frequently later—6 to 8 times per day. Turning should continue until the last three days. Each turn should rotate the eggs by 110° to 120° to ensure even development and prevent the embryos from settling in one position.