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Diagnosis and Control of Wheat Stripe Rust
This year, wheat crops across the country have faced an unprecedented drought, with nearly a third of the nation's wheat fields suffering from severe water stress. The situation is even more concerning as the drought has not yet fully subsided, and now, the threat of diseases is emerging. According to the latest reports from the Ministry of Agriculture on pest and disease monitoring, this season’s wheat is expected to face significant challenges from both pests and diseases.
Recent field visits by agricultural experts in cities like Qingdao, Liaocheng, Heze, Tengzhou, and Jinan in Shandong revealed that many wheat plants are weak due to the prolonged dry spell. This weakness has significantly reduced their natural resistance to diseases. Experts predict that wheat stripe rust and red mildew could become widespread between May and June this year. Stripe rust, in particular, is a recurring issue in most wheat-growing regions of China. It thrives under favorable weather conditions, spreads rapidly, and can be extremely difficult to control once it takes hold. Understanding its characteristics and implementing timely prevention measures is crucial this season.
Wheat stripe rust is one of three types of wheat rust, alongside leaf rust and stem rust. Known colloquially as “jaundice,†it has caused serious damage in certain years, such as 2002, when some areas experienced yield losses of up to 50-80%. Provinces such as Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Hubei, Yunnan, Qinghai, and Xinjiang are particularly prone to this disease.
Symptoms of wheat stripe rust typically appear on the leaves, though they can also affect the stems, sheaths, and spikes. In the early growth stages, small yellow pustules form on the seedlings. As the plant matures, these develop into bright yellow stripes that run parallel to the leaf veins, resembling stitched lines. The epidermis eventually ruptures, releasing a fine layer of rust-colored powder.
The spread of stripe rust depends on several factors. First, weak wheat plants are more susceptible. Due to the severe drought before the Spring Festival and insufficient fertilizer use last year, many wheat crops are in poor condition. Second, climate plays a critical role. When temperatures rise above 5°C, spores begin to develop. Rain or condensation during spring can accelerate the spread of the disease, leading to rapid outbreaks. Third, the genetic resistance of wheat varieties varies greatly. Over the past few years, the widespread planting of similar varieties has led to a loss of resistance in some strains.
To manage stripe rust effectively, farmers should consider the following strategies:
1. Plant resistant varieties. For example, in Hebei, varieties like Buckwheat 19, Buckwheat 26, and Fengkang 13 are recommended. In Henan, Yumai 17 and Zheng 8329 are good choices. Many new resistant varieties have been developed in recent years and should be selected based on local conditions.
2. Diversify the use of resistant varieties to prevent the dominance of a single strain. Rotating different resistant varieties helps reduce the risk of resistance breakdown.
3. Adjust sowing times. Avoid sowing too early, as this increases the risk of infection.
4. Apply balanced fertilization. Reduce nitrogen use and increase phosphorus, potassium, and microbial inoculants. Foliar sprays of natural alizarin-shuofeng 481 can also help boost plant immunity.
5. Manage irrigation properly. Ensure adequate drainage after rain and avoid overwatering in later stages to minimize disease pressure.
6. Chemical control: If stripe rust is detected, apply a mixture of 20% triazole copper (Triaden) EC at 100 ml per 50 kg of water, combined with 2 g of Shuofeng 481 for effective treatment.
By taking these proactive steps, farmers can better protect their wheat crops and reduce potential losses this season.