At present, fruit trees in the northern Shaanxi region generally adopt a medium-dry tree shape such as a spindle or a thin spindle. This tree is thick and upright in the trunk and plays a good skeleton supporting role. The tree shape is easy to cultivate, the tree potential is stable, and the illumination and ventilation conditions are good. It is easy to form flowers, and it is easy to update branches, manage the trees and perform mechanical operations under the trees. Often due to lack of understanding in production, measures are not in place, leaving the main branch too low and strong, resulting in a non-standard tree, up and down imbalances, reach the target tree. Therefore, it is an important measure in the shaping of saplings by adopting comprehensive measures to achieve the “stiff and upright†standard. According to the production practice, the following points should be noted in sapling shaping: First, flexible and dry and flexible after the colonization, can reduce the evaporation of seedlings dry, promote Zhuangzhi, conducive to early and strong in the dry, early formation. For seedling dry less than 80 cm, reduce the height of the set, to ensure that there are 2-3 full shoots under the cut, qualified seedlings retain 4-6 full shoot short cut, leaving the dry high 80-100 cm. Second, a reasonable deal in the dry extension of the head in the dry extension of the first year to stay full of 4-6 buds, cut 80 cm or so is appropriate, to extend the head to ensure that the growth of the eye buds under the premise of the maximum length to stay longer, make full use of the extension The superiority of the top of the head and the quality advantages of its shoot buds have contributed to the absolute superiority of Zhonggan's early occupation of growth. Before sprouting in the spring of the following year, in the area where the branches were selected to be extended on the extension head, the buds were 2-3 mm in diameter to ensure that sufficient amount of lateral branches could be pumped, and the second competitive bud would be wiped off in time. . Third, the rational use of "smearing rod technology" 1-3 years after planting, when sapling plastic, the competition stems issued by the backbone of all sparse, try to retain the non-competitive mean tree branches, so that the tree was in Do the best of the "light dry" shape. By using the side buds with the larger base angle and the remaining middle branch to cultivate the small main branch, the branch difference between the main branch and the middle stem can be opened and the weak branches can be completely removed. The cut-outs do not leave branches, leaving only stems and no main pole "pole trees." At the same time, before sprouting in the spring, in order to ensure the timely extraction of collaterals, 2-3 mm should be carved in the upper part of the buds in the middle-dry bald zone, or the branches should be coated and the side branches should be promoted. 4. There are three conditions for the postponement of the election of the main branch and the election of the main branch. It must be satisfied at the same time. That is, the angle between the main branch and the stem is greater than 80 degrees; the thickness of the main branch is 1/3-1/4 of the dry thickness at the place of birth. When the above two are satisfied, if the orientation is appropriate, it can be Select the main branch for cultivation. In order to ensure the difference between the main branches and stem branches, the side branches that were drawn after 2 years of “smearing the rod†should be selected and kept at the appropriate position to ensure the absolute thickness advantage of the stem. V. Disposing of the competition branches in the stems in time In order to ensure the strength of the stems, the competitive branches that are drawn on them should be sparsely removed in summer or winter. When the branches are thinned, 1 cm short piles should be left for them. Hidden buds are used for axillary shoots, which can avoid large injuries caused by thin stems during thinning, which is conducive to robust growth. Sixth, in time to pull sticks, picking the main branch of the election to stay, should be more than 1 meter in its branches, timely picking the heart, pull the branch open angle, so that it was horizontal. At the same time, in the beginning of September, all of the extensions and other uncapped shoots will be picked up to enrich the buds and shoots to prevent the shoots from being drawn in winter.
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