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The puberty of local pig breeds in our country is generally about 3 months of age, about 20 kg of body weight, and 4-5 months of sexual maturity; the initial period of exotic pigs is 6 months, and the sexual maturity is 7-8 months; Between the above two. In production, sows that reach sexual maturity are not immediately bred. This is to allow their genital and physiologic functions to develop more fully and to obtain a large number of good quality offspring. Normal sexual maturation occurs after 2-3 regular estrus and weighing 40-50% of adult weight. Number of sows ovulated: fewer sows than sows, the number of ovulation increased with the number of estrus.
China is a country with early maturation and can be bred in 7-8 months of age and 50-60 kg in weight; domestic cultivars and hybrids can be bred at 8-9 months of age and 90-100 kg in weight; exotic pigs are in August-September. Age and weight 100-120 kg.
Note: The age-specific gravity and estrus cycle (sexual maturity) are more important than the age of the month.
Second, timely breeding
Timely breeding is the key to improving fertility rate and litter size, and its basic basis is the ovulation law of sows. 3-6 months of puberty; 27 to 32 days of estrus during lactation; 21 (16-24) days of estrus cycle; 5 (2-7) days of estrus duration; 24-36 hours of oestrus to ovulation; sows The ovulation process is gradual, the ovulation duration is 5 (4-7) hours; the egg maintains the fertilization capacity time 8-10 hours; the ovulation number is 15-25; the sperm reaches the fallopian tube for 2 (1-3) hours; the sperm is in the fallopian tube. The survival time is 10-20 hours.
Estrus symptoms
At the beginning, he was uneasy, sometimes called screaming, and the pussy was slightly swollen and swollen, and his appetite was slightly diminished. This was the beginning of estrus. After the cough was swollen, it was slightly moister, jumped and jumped across other pigs. At the same time, it was also willing to accept other pigs to climb, especially boars, which was the beginning of mating. Afterwards, the sows’ libido gradually became strong, and the vulva engorged and swollen, gradually escalating to the peak. The vagina was moist, and the male gradually gained strength. Seeing the sow was frequently climbing over it, or at the static station. If you try to use a boar, you can see that it is very close to the boar. When the boar climbs on its back, it is stable. If someone is on the side, the buttocks tend to be close to people's side. The value of estrus. Afterwards, sexual desire gradually declined, and the pus drenched and swollen gradually subsided. The male sex also became weaker. The vulva became pale red and slightly wrinkled. The sputum became purple, the vulva was dry, and often had a bedding, and the expression was stagnant, like static volts. This is the appropriate period for breeding. The estrus symptoms of foreign pig breeds and their hybrid pigs are not as obvious as those of local pig breeds in China, and they often cause difficulties in judgment. Special attention must be paid to them. The estrus sow is best observed from the beginning to understand its course of change.
Note: postpartum estrus (3-6 days postpartum but not ovulation).
2. Ovulation time
The ovulation time of sows is mostly in the middle and late stages of estrus. It is about 24-36 hours after estrus. Therefore, breeding is generally not earlier than 24 hours after estrus. Generally believed that 24-36 hours after estrus has entered the stage of effective fertilization, in order to make more eggs have opportunities for fertilization, often after the first mating interval 8-12 hours to be re-seeded. Different breeds, age and individual ovulation time are different. Therefore, when determining the breeding time, you should be flexible.
From the variety point of view, China's local pig breeds have a short duration of estrus (usually 4-5 days), ovulation earlier, and can be bred on the second day of heat. Exotic estruss have a long duration of estrus (mostly 5-6 days) and ovulation is later. They can be bred on the 3-4 days of heat. Hybrid pigs can be distributed on the afternoon of the second day or on the third day after estrus.
From an age point of view, the duration of estrus in exotic pig sows is shorter than that of older sows. The opposite is true for local pig breeds in China, where the estrus duration lasts 3-4 days, and the duration of estrus in young sows is 6-7 days. Breeding can be done 40-50 hours after estrus. From this we can see that the mating experience of "early match with old, small with late, and not old with middle" is in line with the law of ovulation in the estrus of Chinese pig breeds.
From the point of view of estrus, the sow’s mental state was from restlessness to trance, and the hands pressed against the buttocks. The vulva was swollen to reddish and wrinkled. When the mucus became viscous from the water, it was said to have reached timely breeding. The estrus sow allows the boar to start cross breeding for a suitable breeding period, allowing 60% of the total breeding time, and incompletely accounting for 38%. The escaping (2%) must be forced to breed after the Baoding and the breeding should be allowed within 25.5 hours after allowing the boar to climb. Good results, especially up to 100% in 10-25.5 hours after allowing boars to cross (Japan). The estrus forecasting table for each sow is formulated, and the estrus symptoms are often observed. Close to estrus sows, it is possible to understand the time allowed for boars to cross and to check the timing of timely breeding.
Note: Short estrus duration of estrus is slightly earlier and longer later.
3. Breeding methods
Repeated mating: Sows are bred twice in the same sire using the same boar. The first breeding is usually done 20-30 hours after the start of oestrus, and the breeding time is 8-12 hours.
Double Breeding: The sow uses two boars of different breeds or two boars of the same breed in one estrus period, and they are bred once every 10-15 minutes.
Multiple breeding: Sow during a estrus period, at a certain interval of time, using a double breeding method to breed several times; or during the estrus of a sow, breeding three times in a row, the first time in the estrous 12 hours, the second The time is 24 hours and the third time is 36 hours.
Practice has proved that sows use one of the above three breeding methods in one estrus period, and the number of litters is increased by 10-40% compared with single breeding.
4. Breeding methods: There are two kinds of breeding methods: natural breeding (the present) and artificial insemination.
Sows breeding precautions and techniques
First, age-matching