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Scientific feeding of commonly used feeds
Wheat bran wheat bran contains 8% to 9% of crude fiber, phosphorus content is 10 times that of calcium, and the content of thiamine, niacin, and choline is the most abundant. Wheat gluten is soft, palatability is good, there is laxative effect. Feeding livestock and poultry with wheat bran, the amount can not be too much, but can not be fed for a long time, otherwise it will easily lead to calcium deficiency in livestock and poultry. The appropriate amount of wheat bran used for feeding livestock and poultry is: the feeding pig does not exceed 15% of the diet; the feeding chicken does not exceed 5% of the diet; the laying hens do not exceed 10% of the diet. Rice bran contains rich oils and crude protein with a phosphorus to calcium ratio of 17:1. Rice bran has high energy, but it is susceptible to deterioration in long-term storage. Therefore, fresh rice bran should be used when formulating compound feed. For compounded feeds for pigs, the amount of rice bran should not exceed 30%. Otherwise, the piglets will have diarrhea, fattening pigs tend to form soft fat, and pork quality is poor. Bean dregs Raw soybean dregs contain anti-trypsin. Anti-trypsin will hinder the digestion and absorption of protein by livestock and poultry. Therefore, it must be cooked and then fed, otherwise it is easy to cause diarrhea in livestock and poultry. Okara lacks vitamins and minerals, so it should be properly matched with refined, roughage and green feed, and the amount should not exceed 30% of the total amount of feed. Deteriorated bean dregs can never be fed. Distiller's grains Distiller grains are rich in crude protein, vitamin B, potassium, and phosphate, but they contain less calcium and have alcohol residues. Therefore, they must be fed with green feed and compound feed, and should not be fed to pregnant animals. The rapeseed cake that is not poisoned by rapeseed cake should be boiled with warm water and then boiled, or crushed and then roasted and detoxified before being fed. Rapeseed cake can only account for a small percentage of livestock and poultry diets. Sweet potato and sweet potato contain 16% to 26% of starch, and the single feed is not complete nutrition, and the raw feed is not easily digested and absorbed. Therefore, the sweet potato should be cooked and mixed with compound feed and green feed. The leaves of the leaves, willow leaves, eucalyptus leaves, etc. can be fed directly to feed ruminants such as cattle and sheep. For feeding pigs and chickens, they need to be processed into leaf powder to be mixed into the feed. Young leaves are generally freshly fed (Amorpha fruticosa and peach leaves should not be fed). A large number of collected leaves should be dried in a timely manner, or placed at 50 °C ~ 60 °C temperature drying, crushing, and then placed in a cool plastic bag placed in a cool dry place. Green leaves can also be mixed with grass to make silage. Prunus edulis, walnuts, plums, persimmons and other trees have bitter astringents and poor palatability. These leaves should be fed with appropriate amounts after silage or fermentation. Straw husks The stalks and hulls of corn, rapeseed, rice and bean crops are air-dried and then processed into powder. Soak in water for 8 to 12 hours before feeding. After softening, mix with green feed or compound feed. Straw and husks can also be fed after treatment such as alkalization and ammoniated silage.