"Qingfa" Brand Disease Resistant Super F1 Watermelon Rootstock Grafting Technology

In recent years, watermelon wilt disease has become a major threat to the production of watermelon in China. The annual incidence of wilt disease in the country is about 250,000 hm2. It accounts for 42% of the total cultivated area of ​​watermelons, especially the most serious ones. It generally causes more than 50% of production loss, and the most serious ones have lost all fields. For the prevention and control of wilt disease, the first one is crop rotation, but because of the limited land area and the fixed nature of the cultivation of protected areas, it is difficult to achieve a reasonable crop rotation; the second is the use of chemical control, but the effect is not ideal, can not effectively prevent and control; Disease-resistant varieties, but due to the limited level of breeding and the diversity of watermelon races, disease-resistant varieties can only reduce the damage of blight, and the quality and yield have declined; Fourth, grafted cultivation. Local practice has proved that the use of grafting cultivation techniques can fundamentally solve the problem of watermelon wilt disease.

I. Watermelon stocks Chaofeng F1, characteristics

Disease-resistance Chaofeng F1 is the first watermelon rootstock hybrid selected in the Zhengzhou Fruit Tree Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This is a major breakthrough in the breeding history of China's watermelon rootstock varieties, filling a gap in China. The variety was awarded the second China Yangling Agricultural Science and Technology Expo sponsored by the State Science and Technology Commission and other organizations. In 1998, it passed the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Commission and the Beijing Municipal Variety Examination. In 1999, it was awarded the second prize for scientific and technological progress in Henan Province.
The variety as watermelon rootstock has good graft affinity, strong symbiotic affinity, high survival rate, and outstanding heterosis. It not only has high resistance to fusarium wilt, is resistant to heavy pods, but also reduces leaf diseases. It has strong plant growth, developed root system, and soil adaptability. Wide, strong absorption capacity, resistance to transplanting, low temperature resistance, heat resistance, moisture resistance, drought resistance. Rootstock seedlings in seedbeds are not easy to grow long, short and thick, and convenient for grafting operations. Grafted watermelons grow well at low temperatures and grow fast. Fruit settling is early and stable, and early maturation can greatly increase watermelon yield, which is higher than that of ordinary gourd stocks. %-30%, no adverse effect on the quality of watermelon fruit, is currently the ideal domestic stock varieties.
The disease-fighting F1 seed was off-white, with a smooth seed coat, about 135 g in 1,000-grain weight, and 350-400 grains per 50 g. The disease-resistant Chaofeng F1 is mainly suitable for protective cultivation and mulching of open field mulching.

Second, the use of Chaofeng F1

After the disease-resistant Chaofeng F1 rootstock varieties were bred, the comparison tests of Chaofeng F1 and Nanzheng No.1, Warriors, Blackcurrant squash, and local farmhouse gourd were conducted in each watermelon grafting cultivation area. The results showed that: Rootstock grafting has high survival rate, good affinity and high resistance to wilt disease. The output was 18.6%-43.8% higher than other rootstock varieties, and the quality was good. At the end of the year, there were odors and good commercial products. In the past few years, the disease-resistant Chaofeng F1 has been promoted to 50,000 hm2 in 28 provinces and cities across the country. With an area of ​​20,000 hectares, more than 80% of the grafted watermelon cultivation in the protected area of ​​Daxing County in Beijing utilizes the disease-resistant Chaofeng F1 as the rootstock. According to the survey and prediction of the national watermelon grafting and cultivation group, the use of disease-resistant Chaofeng F1 rootstock varieties in watermelon grafting, especially in the field of protected cultivation, will have broad prospects for development.

Third, the key technology of grafting cultivation

Using the disease-resistant Chaofeng F1 as the rootstock, according to its characteristic characteristics, the following key technologies should be used for grafting and cultivation:

(1) Breaking shell germination, increasing seed germination rate Soak the seeds with warm water of 55°C, stir at any time until the water temperature approaches normal temperature, soak for 8-12 hours, wipe the mucus on the surface of the seed with a towel, and gently open the umbilical portion of the seed with a tooth. The seeds were slightly air-dried, and then the seeds were wrapped in a roll with a warm towel soaked in wrung and germinated at 30°C-35°C for about 36 hours until the shoot length was 0.2-0.5 cm.
(B) timely sowing using the plug method and splicing method, after seeding seeds of the rootstock 7-10d or rootstock seed unearthed when the seed germination of watermelon seeds; using the docking method, broadcast 7-10d after the watermelon seeds sowing Germinated rootstock seeds.
Chaofeng F1 rootstock seeds and watermelon seeds were sown on separate beds.
(C) timely grafting using the plug method and splicing method, scion watermelon 2 cotyledons just started, Chaofeng F1 rootstock l true leaf size 1-3cm when grafting the best time. When using the docking method, it is the best time for the scion and the rootstock to be just the first leaf. The growth point of the rootstock was removed 2-3 days before grafting to promote thickening of the hypocotyl, which is convenient for the grafting.
(IV) Management of seedbeds for grafted seedlings Careful management of grafted seedlings is the key to achieving survival. No matter what kind of grafting method is adopted, moisture should be kept warm and shaded immediately after grafting to avoid spraying water from the top. After 2 days of grafting, the daytime temperature is 25°C-28°C, and the soil temperature is 26°C-28°C. The shading and temperature adjustment should be strengthened, and the insulation should be sealed. If the temperature is too high, shading should be avoided and ventilation should be avoided. 3-6d after grafting, a small amount of ventilation was started. Reduce temperature and humidity, increase lighting time, daytime air temperature control at 22°C-28°C, nighttime 18°C-2O°C, soil temperature 2O°C-25°C. Reduce the temperature 1 week before planting, more sunlight, the temperature during the day 22 °C -25 °C, not less than l2 °C, sunny shade shading high temperature, night coverage of low temperature. Generally 10-12d after grafting can be managed by ordinary seedbed, using graft clips should be removed before grafting, use of the connection method should be timely root. Grafting seedlings from sowing to planting about 30-35d, grafted seedlings 3 leaves 1 heart when planting.
(5) Reducing the amount of fertilizer to be applied. The ultra-fat F1 root system for sparse planting is strong, and the water-absorption and fertilizer-absorbing ability is strong. Grafting and cultivation are 30%-40% less fertilized than normal cultivation, and 400-600 plants are planted on each side.
(6) Field management of grafted seedlings and precautions l. Choose normal grafted seedlings when planting and eliminate poor seedlings. 2. Grafting seedlings should not be planted too deep, the grafting interface should be 1-2cm higher than the ground in order to avoid the occurrence of adventitious roots affect the grafting effect of the scion, and the removal of adventitious roots on the rootstock and scion on the rootstock. 3. If you choose a stronger growth of watermelon varieties, plant growth after grafting is more prosperous, in order to improve the fruit setting rate, it is recommended in the flowering fruit setting period by using melon or other plant growth regulators to strengthen fruit set. 4. When crushed vines are used, clear pressure is used to prevent the growth of watermelon plants from adventitious roots. Hooks or tree stalks can be used to fix vines. 5. The grafting of watermelon is mainly to prevent the wilt disease, and it is also necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of other diseases and pests. It is best to adopt comprehensive prevention and control including rotation.

Functions

1. Promote immunity

2. Anti-oxidant, Anti-aging, Anti-fatigue; Improve the memory and sleep quality;

3. Reduce the blood fat and sugar, Decreasing blood pressure;

4. Reduce the risk of Cancer and inhibit from tumor growth;

5. Protect eyesight, liver and kidney;

6. Enhance sexual function and improve fertility

 

Advantages

1. Professional research team and fine processing.

2. 100% pure and natural products, no additive.

3. High active ingredient products.

4. Manufacturer direct supply, factory price.

5. Free sample and Unconditional assume response

 

Applications

Widely used in Functional food, drinks, health care products and pharmaceuticals.


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